QBM Exam 1 Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions 2024

QBM Exam 1 Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions 2024 What is recombinant DNA technology? - answerThe process of taking a gene from one source (like human DNA) and joining it with another piece of DNA (like bacterial plasmid) and inserting that DNA into bacteria for further study/manipulation Probes - answerSmall pieces of DNA can be used to determine the presence or absence of an allele, which can indicate a predisposition to a specific disease Microarrays - answerAdvance probe-based systems that can analyze an entire genome and be used for diagnostic testing of patients and allow for patient-specific treatment of diseases Structure of proteins - answerLInked by peptide bonds between carboxyl terminus of one amino acid and amino terminus of the next = proteins R group that characterizes properties of proteins Protein synthesis from ribosome is N -- C terminus How many amino acids? - answer20 How do amino acids differ? - answerCan be acidic (negatively charged), basic (positively charged), hydropobic, nucleophilic, small, bulky, and aromatic Different protein structures and how they can be viewed on computer program - answer- Lines - Ball and stick models - Cartoon ribbons - or Molecular surfaces (solvent-accessible surface) We didn't start using molecular biology really until when? - answer1930s *1938* (Warren Weaver) When was DNA shown as the basis of genes? - answerIn 1944 by Oswald Avery He was a physicist who believed that the only biology was "quantiative biology" - answerMax Delbruck who trained hundreds with the Phage Course to lay foundations of molecular biology IN 1950s Why do we study molecular biology? - answer- Understand cell function - Storage, replication, expression, repair, recombination, and control of genetic information - Structure/function of proteins - Pathways (sythesis, degradation, activation, phosphorylation) - Kinetics, thermodynamics (transport ATP generation ,etc) Molecular biology can be viewed as a combination of proteins and genes - answerTrue Biochem = function/proteins Genetics: Function/genes What is an example of T cell therapy? - answerGenetically engineer versions of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia's T cells to bidn to CD19 Precursors for DNA/Protein - answerH2O CO2 NH4+ NO3- N2 Protein interaction usually occrus on the ___ of the DNA - answerMajor groove (alpha helix) Plasmids - answerShort extracellular pieces of DNA When we use PCR which enzyme is used - answerDNA polymerase Method to get a good view of proteins - answerElectromicroscopy Biological techniques included in recombinant DNA technolgoy: - answer1) Cloning 2) PCR 3) Restriction enzyme digestion 4) Gel electrophoresis Human VInculin - answerCell attachment Connects actin to ECM to hold cells together via proteins *catenins* Dilated cardiomyopathy (weaker heart) 2004 - structure/activation Integrins with vinculin eventually lead to gene expression - answerTrue Why do we study genes/DNA? - answer- Gene/allele presence/absence may be predisposition to disease - Genome sequencing, pedigrees, paternity testing, forensics - Generation of recombination DNA for protein expression, gene insertion or knockout, gene therapy - Diagnostic testing - Patient-specific treatment PCR allows us to... - answerAmplify DNA to make millions of copies of target DNA from a cDNA library Use *Taq polymerase* and dGTP,dCTP, dATP, dTTP to synthesize complementary strand Gel electrophoresis allows for - answerAnalysis and purification Cut band out of gel and digest it Restriction enzyme digestion allows us to - answerDigest (cut) DNA and generate "sticky ends" that could join pieces of DNA (like a plasmid) Process of putting DNA into competent cells - answerTransformation What purifies DNA? - answerA "miniprep" that lyses bacteria and gives us micrograms of DNA When plating the colony with the inserted plasma what color colonies should we see? - answerWhite versus blue Why do we study proteins? - answer- Identify/quantify proteins for structure, fucntion, role in cellular pathways - Post-translational modificatios like phosphorylation, activation, and glycosylation - Protein-protein interactions - Enzyme kinetics - Protein markers for disease - Identify mutants - Design drug - Mass production Types of columns to purify protein from lysed cells - answer1) Nickel 2) GST 3) Anion/cation exchange 4) Size exclusion Who sets the rules for research laboratories? - answerOccupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) States that employers must inform employees of potential hazards, and every hazardous material has Material Safety and Data Sheet (MSDS) Federal Hazard Communication Standard - answer:Right to know" from employers Florida is right to know state OSHA requires - answer1) Written hazard communication program 2) MSDS 3) Correct labeling of hazardous properties 4) Proper training on handling Different biosafety levels - answer1) Minimal hazards