Molecular Diagnostics Chapter 4 Elaborates Exam [100% PASS] /verified/

Molecular Diagnostics Chapter 4 Elaborates Exam [100% PASS] /verified/ gel electrophoresis *Ans* Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel Is the anode positive or negative? What about the cathode? *Ans* Positive, negative DNA/RNA are positively/negatively charged? They migrate towards anode or cathode? *Ans* negatively, anode Do large or small size DNA fragments migrate faster? *Ans* small, easier to move through membrane Heteroduplexes *Ans* A double-stranded nucleic acid containing one or more mismatched (noncomplementary) base pairs. RNA folding on itself when single stranded agarose gel *Ans* a jelly-like slab used to separate molecules on the basis of molecular weight, polysaccharide that comes from seaweed concentration of agarose in a gel determines the size of spaces in the gel. 3% agarose resolution is best for _______bp of DNA. 0.6% is best ________bp of DNA. *Ans* 50-100 bp and 1000, 20,000 Are low concentration agarose gels easily broken? *Ans* yes Electroendosmosis *Ans* This electrophoresis error is caused by cations in the buffer moving in the opposite direction which slows/distorts migration of samples Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) *Ans* used to separate especially long strands of DNA by length in order to tell differences among samples. Does so by alternating current in different dimensions during migration of sample. Requires long separation times and temperature control. 50,000-250,000bp FIGE *Ans* field-inversion electrophoresis, samples move forward and backward due to the changing current/pulse field polyacrylamide gel *Ans* -porous matrix mixture used in electrophoresis typically for smaller fragments -single bp resolution so can be used for sequencing and mutation analysis -synthetic can be manipulated to have exact same conditions or necessary condition