Biology Final Exam Ivy Tech Community College Albert Rubenstein Questions and Answers 100% Solved correctly

Biology - The study of life and living organisms The cell has to replicate its DNA - What must happen for mitosis to take place? exoskeleton - Arthropods have a(n) ________ that has allowed them to inhabit almost every environment on Earth (HERDROAR) Homeostasis Energy Production Reproduction Development and Growth Response to stimuli Order Adaptation Regulation - Characteristics of life Sun - What is the energy source for life on Earth? Energy - -This comes from the sun -Next it is stored in photosynthesis in plants in the form of carbohydrates -Then the process of cellular respiration converts it into stored in carbohydrates to ATP Matter - Anything that has mass and occupies spaceAtom - A basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons Atom - smallest part of an element that has all characteristics of that element Molecule - The smallest part of a compound that has all characteristics of that element Elements - One of 92 pure substances that compose matter Key elements (in living organisms) - • 92 pure elements occur naturally • Carbon • Hydrogen • Nitrogen • Oxygen • Sulfur • Phosphorus • Sodium • Calcium • Sulfur • Chlorine • Potassium • Magnesium Compounds - -pure substance made from two or more elements Atomic number - equal to the number of protons an element contains Protein - • (made of 20 amino acids) Most abundant organic molecules and has the most uses of all macromolecules in living systemso They are made up of a different arrangements of the same 20 amino acids o They are an extremely diverse group of biological molecules composed of the monomers called amino acids -Transport -Enzymes -Storage -Toxins -Structural -Contractile -Regulatory -In membranes -Protection -hormones (TEST SCRIP) - What are some of the functions of proteins? o Primary (The unique sequence and number of amino acids in a polypeptide chain) o Secondary ( hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to fold into a repeating pattern) o Tertiary (3-D folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions) o Quaternary (protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain) - What are the four structures of protein? -Monosaccharide's ([one] are simple sugars, typically glucose; important Source energy) -Disaccharides- ([two] form when two monosaccharide's undergo a dehydration reaction; ex. Lactose, maltose, sucrose)-Polysaccharides ([many] A long chain of monosaccharide's linked by covalent bonds; examples: Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin) - Name 3 types of carbohydrates