Biochem 1005 final exam study guide- Week 10 Questions & Answers 100% Correct!

Fatty acid synthesis (cytosolic process) - ANSWERSactivated by insulin and inhibited by glucagon Fatty acid synthesis (cytosolic process) - ANSWERSSubstrates need to be shuttled out of the mitchondria Fatty acid synthesis (cytosolic process) In the mitochondria: - ANSWERS-Acetyl-CoA + OAA in the mitochondria->citrate -Tricarbonyxlate transpoter-> removes excess citrate from the mitochondria Fatty acid synthesis (cytosolic process) In the cytosol: - ANSWERS-Citrate lyase cleaves citrate producing->OAA and acetyl-CoA Fatty acid synthesis (cytosolic process) In the cytosol: OAA is converted to pyruvate in a two-step process: - ANSWERS-Malate dehydrogenase: OAA is reduced to malate -Malic enzyme: decarboxylate malate->pyruvate *NADPH is produced and required for fatty acid synthesis Fatty acid synthesis (cytosolic process) In the Cytosol: Acetyl-CoA carboxylate: converts acetyl-CoA->malonyl-CoA: - ANSWERS-Regulatory enzyme for the process -Activated by: insulin, citrate, dephosphorylation -Inhibited by: glucagon, palmitoyl-CoA (palmitate),phosphorylation Fatty acid synthesis (cytosolic process) In the Cytosol: Fatty acid synthase: multimeric enzyme that synthesizes C-16 palmitate - ANSWERS-acyl-carrier protein (ACP) this subunit is initially primed by acetyl-CoA and requires pantothenic acid as a cofactor. * all other carbons are added as malonyl-CoA iteratively after this priming *Malonyl-CoA inhibits CPT1 (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I) such that oxidation is NOT occurring at the same time as synthesis -requires NADPH -Palmitate is released from the enzyme by thioesterase Fatty acid synthesis (cytosolic process) Elongation: - ANSWERSalso requires malonyl-CoA and NADPH Fa