Linguistics Chapter 5 – Syntax-Questions and Answers Graded A+

Linguistics Chapter 5 – Syntax-Questions and Answers Graded A+ syntax - ANSWER-a component of mental grammar, how sentences and other phrases can be constructed out of smaller phrases and words, the study of sentences and their internal structure linguistic expressions - ANSWER-a piece of language with a certain form, meaning, and syntactic properties grammatical - ANSWER-describes a string of words that forms a sentence, the property of being a well-formed syntactic expression ungrammatical - ANSWER-describes a string of words that does not form a sentence grammaticality judgment - ANSWER-reflection of a speaker's mental grammar, a native speaker's decision whether a string of words truly forms a sentence subject - ANSWER-NP to the left of the verb, often the "agent" or "causer" of the event described by the verb (and its complement) (not always) object - ANSWER-NP to the right of the verb, often the event most directly affected in the event described by the verb (not always) principle of compositionality - ANSWER-the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings and syntactic combinations of the expressions it contains, underlies the design feature of productivity lexical expressions - ANSWER-words lexical categories - ANSWER-a set of words that occur with the same morphology, and/or in the same syntactic contexts (e.g. nouns, adjectives, etc.) phrasal expressions - ANSWER-multiple words syntactic properties - ANSWER-restrictions on syntactic combinations, determine how an expression can combine with other expressions, analogous to lexical categories at the phrasal level word order - ANSWER-one kind of syntactic property, order of expressions with respect to each other