Pedorthics Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers

What does a pedorthist do? Correct Answer A pedorthist understands the properties of footwear and the interaction between a patient's foot and the device or shoe, which makes them skilled at evaluating feet and fitting footwear Anatomical planes Correct Answer Coronal, sagittal, transverse Columns of the foot Correct Answer Medial - 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform Middle - 2nd/3rd metatarsal, intermediate/lateral cuneiform Lateral - 4th/5th metatarsal, cuboid Sections of the foot Correct Answer Forefoot - distal phalanges 1-5, intermediate phalanges 2-5, proximal phalanges 1-5, metatarsals 1-5 Midfoot - medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular Hindfoot (rearfoot) - talus, calcaneus Name the joints of the foot and ankle complex Correct Answer Talocrural (ankle); subtalar (talocalcaneal); transverse tarsal (midtarsal, Chopart) [talonavicular, calcaneocuboid]; tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc); metatarsophalangeal (MTP); proximal/distal interphalangeal (PIPs, DIPs) Type of joint & motions: talocrural Correct Answer Hinge; dorsiflexion, plantarflexion Type of joint & motions: subtalar Correct Answer Oblique condyloid; pronosupination Type of joint & motions: transverse tarsal Correct Answer TN - ball & socket; inversion, eversion CC - modified saddle; inversion, eversion [oblique, longitudinal] Type of joint & motions: tarsometatarsal Correct Answer Planar Type of joint & motions: metatarsophalangeal Correct Answer Condyloid; DF, PF, adduction, abduction, circumduction Type of joint & motions: interphalangeal Correct Answer Hinge; flexion, extension Four levels of PF amputation Correct Answer Subtalar, Chopart, Lisfranc, MTP 4 purposes of the foot Correct Answer Shock absorption, rigid propulsion, adverse terrain, structural platform Three arches of the foot Correct Answer Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse Bones of medial arch Correct Answer Calcaneus, navicular, all 3 cuneiforms, mets 1-3 Bones of the lateral arch Correct Answer Lateral tubercle of calcaneus, cuboid, mets 4-5 Bones of the transverse arch Correct Answer Cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsals 1-5 Ligaments of medial arch Correct Answer Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring), plantar aponeurosis, short/long plantar Ligaments of the lateral arch Correct Answer Short & long plantar Ligaments of the transverse arch Correct Answer Deep transverse ligaments Muscles of medial arch Correct Answer Tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, gastrocnemius, soleus Muscles of lateral arch Correct Answer Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, plantar fascia, intrinsics Muscles of transverse arch Correct Answer Adductor hallucis, interossei, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis Bones that form the basis of weight bearing Correct Answer Met heads (specifically 1,5), calcaneus Column that is most weight bearing Correct Answer Lateral Which is the stronger side of the ankle and why? Correct Answer Lateral; ligament positioning & fibula bony stop What determines the motion of each joint? Correct Answer Angle of joint (oblique) Motion of talocrural joint axis Correct Answer See saw Motion of subtalar joint axis Correct Answer Triplanar motion Plane, section, joint: dorsiflexion & plantarflexion Correct Answer Plane - sagittal Section - ankle; hindfoot Joint - talocrural; subtalar Plane, section, joint: inversion & eversion Correct Answer Plane - coronal Section - hindfoot; forefoot