BIO 210 Final Exam Review Study Guide Graded A 100% Solved 2024

Define Homeostasis - The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body. Lymphatic System - Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and transports fats from digestive tract. Consist of: lymphatic vessels lymph nodes lymphatic organs Respiratory System - Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH. Consists of: lungs larynx trachea bronchi nose and nasal cavity Digestive System - Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes. Consists of: mouth esophagus stomach intestines rectum gallbladder appendix Integumentary System - Provides protection, regulates temperature, reduces water loss, and produces vitamin D precursors. Consists of: skin hair nails sweat glands Skeletal System - Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat. Consists of: bones associated cartilages ligaments joints Muscular System - Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of: muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons Nervous System - A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiologic processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of: brain spinal cord nerves sensory receptors Endocrine System - A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions. Consists of: pituitary gland pineal body hypothalamus thyroid parathyroid thymus adrenals ovaries pancreas Cardiovascular System - Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body. plays a role in immune response and the regulation of body temperature. Consists of: heart blood vessels blood Urinary System - Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water temperature. Consists of: kidneys urinary bladder ureter urethra Female Reproductive System - Produces oocytes and the site of fertilization and fetal development. produces milk for the newborns. produces hormones that influence sexual behaviors and functions. Consists of: ovaries vagina uterus mammary glands Male Reproductive System - Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors. Consists of: testes prostate gland penis What term refers to less specialized cells becoming more specialized? - Differentiation Negative feedback mechanism - The most fundamental way the body strives to maintain homeostatic regulation. Ex: Maintaining normal blood pressure Positive feedback mechanism - the result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the activity is accelerated. Ex: Blood Clot Macroscopic Anatomy - examines large, visible structures Microscopic Anatomy - Study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye Ex: Cells and tissues under a microscope Anatomy - the study of the STRUCTURE of the body and the STRUCTURAL relationships between its parts Physiology - the study of the FUNCTION of the body and the FUNCTIONAL relationships between its parts. Cytology - the study of cells Histology - The study of tissues Pathology - The study of disease 7 levels of organization in the human body - from simplest, to most complex