OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. What is the pharynx? A. an accessory digestive organ B. part of the gastrointestinal tract* C. part of the mouth D. the exit of the gastrointestinal tract 2. What type of digestion occurs in the mouth? A. chemical breakdown of food only B. physical breakdown of food only C. chemical and physical breakdown of food* D. neither chemical nor physical breakdown of food 3. What types of microbes are found in the mouth? A. archaea only B. bacteria only C. archaea and bacteria* D. neither archaea nor bacteria 4. The environment in the stomach is which of the following? A. acidic* B. alkaline C. neutral D. variable 5. Oral thrush is caused by which pathogen? A. Candida spp., including C. albicans* B. Herpes simplex virus 1 C. Prevotella intermedia D. Streptococcus mutans 6. Shigellosis is also known as which of the following? A. amoebic dysentery B. bacillary dysentery* C. salmonellosis D. typhoid fever 7. Typhoid fever is caused by which pathogen? A. Salmonella paratyphi only B. Salmonella typhi only C. Salmonella paratyphi or S. typhi* D. Shigella dysenteriae 8. Cholera is best controlled by which of the following? A. eradicating mosquito populations and using insect repellant B. increasing stomach acidity by avoiding the use of antacids and proton pump inhibitors C. using good sanitation and hygiene practices to the greatest extent possible* D. using prophylactic antibiotics for those visiting areas where cholera is endemic 9. Plaque on teeth is an example of which of the following? A. a biofilm* B. a cavity C. an infection D. dental caries 10. How does Staphylococcus aureus cause gastrointestinal symptoms? A. by producing enterotoxins when growing in food* B. by producing neurotoxins that are released into the food C. by reproducing in the intestines, causing enteritis D. by reproducing in the stomach, causing gastritis and ulcers 11. What is the scientific name of the unusual bacterium that can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach and is associated with peptic ulcers, as well as with increased risk of stomach cancer? A. Escherichia coli O157:H7 B. Heliobacter pylori* C. Salmonella typhi D. Vibrio cholerae 12. What is the minimum safe holding temperature for cooked food? A. 4 °C B. 40 °C C. 60 °C* D. 80 °C 13. Which group contains the most dangerous E. coli strains for causing gastrointestinal illness? A. EHEC* B. EIEC C. EPEC D. ETEC 14. Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a serious condition that may lead to all but which of the following? A. hypersecretion of fluids* B. kidney failure C. postinfection irritable bowel syndrome D. reactive arthritis 15. Which is true about the treatment for ETEC? A. Antibiotic treatment should be avoided because it increases the risk of HUS, although supportive therapy may be helpful. B. Antibiotics are not recommended, although supportive therapy may be helpful. C. Fluoroquinolones, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin are recommended in most cases. D. It is usually self-limiting, although medications such as fluoroquinolones, doxycycline, TMP/SMZ, and rifamixin can be used.* 16. Which of the following aids identification of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent for cholera, through culturing? A. It produces green colonies on MacConkey agar. B. It produces red colonies on MacConkey agar. C. It produces white/colorless colonies on MacConkey agar.* D. It will not grow on MacConkey agar. 17. Which of the following is a disease that is often transmitted by undercooked, contaminated poultry? A. Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis* B. Cholera C. Helicobacter pylori-related ulcers D. Vibrio parahemolyticus gastroenteritis 18. Which of the following is not true about Clostridium difficile? A. It can cause the development of pseudomembranous colitis. B. It is a serious cause of nosocomial infections and can develop in association with antibiotic or proton pump inhibitor use. C. It is common in normal human gastrointestinal microbiota. D. It is not capable of forming endospores.* 19. Why is fecal transplant a promising treatment for Clostridium difficile infections? A. It disrupts the pseudomembrane. B. It provides a way to introduce medicine into the colon. C. It replenishes the healthy microbiota.* D. It stimulates the expulsion of contaminated stool. 20. Yersinia entercolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis commonly cause which of the following? A. constipation due to bowel inflammation B. intoxications C. severe sepsis D. stomach ulcers 21. A breath test can be used to detect which of the following pathogens? A. E. coli O157:H7 B. H. pylori* C. S. typhimurium D. V. cholerae 22. Which of the following is the most important mode of transmission for rotaviruses? A. direct contact with infected individuals B. the consumption of undercooked fish C. the fecal-oral route* D. the inhalation of air droplets 23. Vaccination is routinely recommended for which type of virus? A. adenovirus B. astrovirus C. norovirus D. rotavirus* 24. Jaundice is an important symptom of which disease? A. hepatitis* B. norovirus gastroenteritis C. rotavirus gastroenteritis D. salmonellosis 25. Which of the following is true regarding the diagnosis of amoebic dysentery? A. A stool O&P exam is not usually diagnostic. B. Enzyme immunoassay is especially useful because it allows the clinician to distinguish a current infection from prior exposure. C. Examining a stool specimen on a single day is usually sufficient to catch almost all cases. D. Magnetic resonance imaging may show the presence of liver abscesses.* 26. Which of the following refers to neurocysticercosis? A. Taenia asiatica adults form cysts in peripheral nervous tissue. B. Taenia asiatica larvae become established in the intestines. C. Taenia solium larvae form cysts in the brain/central nervous tissue.* D. Taenia solium proglottids lodge in nervous tissue. 27. In a clinical setting, rotavirus is most commonly diagnosed using which of the following? A. culturing B. enzyme immunoassay* C. microscopy 28. Which hepatitis virus can only infect an individual who has already been infected by hepatitis B virus? A. HAV B. HCV C. HDV* D. HEC 29. Which pathogen that can be transmitted via water is especially resistant to chlorination treatment? A. Cryptosporidium parvum B. Cyclospora cayetanensis C. Entamoeba histolytica D. Giardia lamblia* 30. A distinctive blue halo, visible upon examination using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy, indicates the presence of which of the following? A. Cryptosporidium hominis, as opposed to Cryptosporidium parvum, which does not fluoresce B. Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts that are autofluorescing* C. Giardia lamblia cysts that have been exposed to chlorine D. the presence of Entamoeba histolytica cysts stained with blue fluorescent dye 31. Metronidazole would be an effective treatment for which condition? A. cryptosporidiosis B. cyclosporiasis C. giardiasis* D. HCV 32. Which statement is not true about a way that Ascaris travels within the body? A. It burrows through the skin of the feet and travel to the gastrointestinal tract through the circulatory system. B. It can enter the respiratory tract from the circulatory system. C. It can migrate from the lungs to the gastrointestinal tract. D. It produces proteases that allow it to travel from the gastrointestinal tract through tissues to the circulatory system.* 33. The movement of Ancylostoma braziliense through the skin causes the condition known as cutaneous larva migrans. Which of the following is a distinctive symptom of this condition? A. Their tracks are visible and cause itching.* B. They cause small, localized patches of painless bumps. C. They extend a breathing tube through the skin to breathe. D. They produce painless nodules that are visible on the skin. 34. Hookworms penetrate the skin. They considered with gastrointestinal pathogens for which of the following reasons? A. They more commonly cause infection after ingestion in undercooked food. B. They penetrate the skin and then burrow directly to the gastrointestinal tract. C. They penetrate the skin and then migrate through the circulatory system directly to the gastrointestinal tract. D. They migrate through the circulatory system to the lungs, then are coughed up and swallowed to reach the gastrointestinal tract.* True/False 36. Pancreatic juice helps neutralize acidic, partially digested food in the small intestine. Answer: True 37. The small intestine contains the most diverse and numerous microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. Answer: False