Advanced World History 2022 semester exam

Advanced World History 2022 semester exam geography the study of Earth and its people archaeology the study of ancient people and the world that they lived in anthropology the holistic study of mankind prehistory the time before writing systems existed primary sources eyewitness historical item or accounts from a particular time period in the past secondary sources sources of information that were created after an event took place or after a person lived comparison it provides similarities and differences between 2 or more items or topics causation why events happen artifacts an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest Paleolithic the time period from the 1st homo sapiens (human) until farming begins (Old Stone Age) Neolithic the time period when farming began (The New Stone Age) nomads people who move from place to place in search of food, water and fresh pasture for their livestock animism the belief that all things are inhabited by spirits domesticate to take out of the wild, and bring under the control of humans collective knowledge knowledge that is acquired through experience and is passed on agrarian based on farming civilization a complex, highly organized society empire government over large territory and different groups of people irrigation the redirection of water to aid farming hierarchy a ranking of society polytheism the belief in many gods monotheism the belief in only 1 god ziggurat the center of city life, and it was also a holy site. the sumerians believed that when their gods came down to visit them, he would stay there cuneiform a system of writing invented by the sumerieans that used wedge-shaped marks. each mark stood for a group of sounds in words colony a farther away territory needed for resources and supplies phonetic alphabet the alphabet invented by the Phoenicians, with a series of letters. each letter was based on a single sound. their alphabet had 22 letter, and all of them were consonants delta a triangular area where a major river divides into several smaller parts that usually flow into a larger body of water dynasty a series of rulers from the same family pharaoh a ruler in ancient Egypt. the proper title for Egyptian kings. the pharaoh headed the government and the army, set laws, and oversaw religious practices. Egyptians believed that when their pharaoh was sitting on the throne holding the symbols of power, he or she became a god on earth vizier appointed by the pharaoh, and often belonged to the pharaoh's family. their main duty was to supervise the running of the country. they also had to record trade and to keep records of the taxes collected mummification an old-fashioned method of preparing a dead body so that is doesn't decay hieroglyphics a system of writing created by the Egyptians, in hieroglyphics, pictures and symbols stand for whole words, syllables, or single sounds papyrus a reed that grew in the swamps along the Nile. the Egyptians peeled it into long strips and laid the trips together peninsula land that is almost completely surrounded by water dark age a time when learning and discovery are not valued, and knowledge is kept hidden polis/city-state a Greek city that functions much like an independent country agora a central, large open-air market acropolis a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city. in Greek, it means a high city-state