Hematologic and Immune Disorders NCLEX Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

Hematologic and Immune Disorders NCLEX Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers For an adult client to be diagnosed with AIDS, which condition must be present? a. Infection with HIV, tuberculosis, and cytomegalovirus b. Infection with HIV, an alternative lifestyle, and a T-cell count above 200 cells c. Infection with HIV, CD4+ count below 200 cells, and a T-cell count above 400 cells d. Infection with HIV, a history of acute HIV infection, and a CD4+ T-cell count below 200 cells - answerd. Three criteria must be met for an adult client to be diagnosed with AIDS. He must be HIV+, have a CD4+ T-cell count below 200 cells, and have one or more specific conditions that include acute infection with HIV. Which body substances most easily transmit HIV? a. Feces and saliva b. Blood and semen c. Breast milk and tears d. Vaginal secretions and urine - answerb. HIV is most easily transmitted in blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. However, it has also been found in urine, feces, saliva, tears, and breast milk. Immediately after giving an injection, a nurse is accidentally stuck with the needle when a client becomes agitated. When is the best time for the employer to test the nurse for HIV antibodies to determine if she became infected as a result of the needle stick? a. Immediately and then again in 6 weeks b. Immediately and then again in 3 months c. In 2 weeks and then again in 6 months d. In 2 weeks and then again in 1 year - answerb. The employer will want to test the nurse immediately to determine whether a preexisting infection is present, and then again in 3 months to detect seroconversion as a result of the needle stick. Which blood test is used first to identify a response to HIV infection? a. Western blot b. CD4+ T-cell count c. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate d. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) - answerd. The ELISA is the first screening test for HIV The nurse would instruct a client with HIV who has frequent bouts of diarrhea to avoid consuming which of the following? a. Milk b. Red licorice c. Chicken soup d. Broiled meat - answera. Clients with chronic diarrhea may develop intolerance to lactose, which may worsen diarrhea. A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which dietary recommendation may help this client reduce inflammation? a. Fish oil b. Vitamin D c. Iron-rich foods d. Calcium carbonate - answera. The therapeutic effect of fish oil suppresses inflammatory mediator production (such as prostaglandins); how it works is unknown. Which is a NSAID used most often to treat rheumatoid arthritis? a. Furosemide b. Haloperidol c. Ibuprofen d. Methotrexate - answerc. Ibuprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, piroxicam, and indomethacin are NSAIDs used for clients with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse is teaching a client about the method of transmission that has the most risk for exposure to HIV. Which of the following statements by the client best demonstrates that he understands the teaching about exposure risks? a. "I can have routine teeth cleaning at the dentist's office" b. "I may have intercourse with my spouse" c. "I may engage in unprotected, noninsertive sexual contact" d. "I should not engage in intercourse with a new partner without a condom" - answerd. Having intercourse with a new partner is risky because of the unknown IV drug use and sexual history. Use of a condom may increase the protection against HIV exposure. Which client is most at risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis? a. A 25-year-old woman b. A 40-year-old man c. A 65-year-old woman d. A 70-year-old man - answerc. Rheumatoid arthritis affects women three times more often than men. The average age of onset is 55. While caring for a client with AIDS who is receiving zidovudine, the nurse is asked, "How does this drug work?" After teaching the client, the nurse interprets which response by the client to indicate an understanding of the medication? a. "It kills the HIV" b. "It suppresses the HIV" c. "I won't infect anyone else when I take this drug" d. "It's the only drug for HIV I need to take" - answerb. Zidovudine is an antiviral drug that suppresses the replication of the HIV. It is most commonly used for HIV clients in conjunction with other antiretroviral drugs. It also helps prevent maternal-fetal transmission of HIV. Which precaution must a nurse take when taking the blood pressure of an HIV-positive client? a. Wearing gloves b. Wearing a gown c. Using contact precautions d. Washing hands - answerd. Since taking a client's blood pressure doesn't involve contact with his blood or secretions, washing hands is all that's necessary Which group or factor is linked to higher morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected clients? a. Homosexual men b. Lower socioeconomic status c. Treatment in a large teaching hospital d. Treatment by a physician who specializes in HIV infection - answerb. Morbidity and mortality have been associated with lower socioeconomic status, receiving care in a community hospital or by a physician without much experience with HIV infections, or lack of access to adequate health care. After teaching a client about rheumatoid arthritis, which statement indicates the client understands the disease process? a. "It will get better and worse again" b. "Once it clears up, it will never come back" c. "I will definitely have to have surgery for this" d. "It will never get any better than it is right now" - answera. Th client with rheumatoid arthritis needs to understand it is a somewhat unpredictable disease characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. Which medication would first be prescribed for a client with rheumatoid arthritis? a. Aspirin b. Cytoxan c. Ferrous sulfate d. Prednisone - answera. NSAIDs such as aspirin are considered first-line therapy. A client with AIDS is admitted with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. During the admission assessment, the nurse notes a 3-cm foot ulcer on his left great toe. Which is the most critical nursing diagnosis? a. Impaired tissue integrity b. Risk for compromised human dignity c. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements d. Impaired gas exchange - answerd. The respiratory status of the client is the priority. A nurse is reviewing the lab results of a client with anemia. In which blood component would she expect to see a reduced value? a. Erythrocytes b. Granulocytes c. Leukocytes d. Platelets - answera. Anemia is defined as a decreased number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) A middle-aged client arrives at the emergency department complaining of chest and stomach pain. He also reports passing black stools for a month. Which intervention should be done first? a. Give nasal oxygen b. Take his vital signs c. Begin cardiac monitoring d. Draw blood for lab analysis - answerb. The client's vital signs will show hemodynamic stability, and monitory his heart rhythm may be indicated based on assessment findings. A client arrives at the emergency department with chest and stomach pain and a report of black, tarry stools for several months. Which order should the nurse anticipate? a. Cardiac monitor, oxygen, CK and LD levels b. PT, PTT, fibrinogen, and fibrin split product values c. ECG, CBC, testing for occult blood, and comprehensive serum metabolic panel d. EEG, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and basic serum metabolic panel - answerc. An ECG evaluates the complaint of chest pain, lab tests determine anemia, and the test for occult blood determines