Praxis 5081-government, civics, & Political Science Exam Questions with Correct Answers

Social contract - ANSWER-an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits. They sacrifice some individual freedom for state protection. (Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, & Rouseau) Thomas Hobbes - ANSWER-One of the first to theorize on the social contract., wrote that in a natural state, no government existed. John Locke - ANSWER-natural rights. He took the social contract further by writing that people were naturally endowed with the right to life, liberty, & property. When the government failed to protect the people, then the people had the right to break the contract and rebel. Capitalism - ANSWER-Private Ownership & control of property & economic resources, free enterprise, competition amount businesses, freedom of choice, possibility of profits. Socialism - ANSWER-the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. All decisions are left to a centralized government. Advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. Communist Economy - ANSWER-It is called a command economy because decisions are made at the upper levels of government. Constitution - ANSWER-A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. It sets limits on government and protects property and individual rights. Socialism - ANSWER-Has 3 main goals: 1. The distribution of wealth and economic opportunity equally amount the people; 2. Society's control through government, of all major decisions about production; 3. Public ownership of most land of factories, and other means of production. Communism - ANSWER-A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid to their abilities and needs. Articles of Confederation - ANSWER-Under this, each state, regardless of size, had only one vote in Congress.