Pathophysiology NSG 533 Exam 1 Review 2024 Graded A+

What are the five essential components of pathophysiology? - 1. Etiology (Causative mechanisms) 2. Epidemiology (risk factors and distribution in populations) 3. Pathogenesis (disease mechanism) 4. clinical manifestations (signs, symptoms and diagnostic criteria) 5. Outcomes (cure, remission, chronicity, or death) The "why" of disease- what is the reason for it- what caused it to happen? May be simple/complex. - etiology Looks at the pattern of disease among groups or aggregates or populations. This component of disease represents the relationship between numerous population characteristics (e.g. age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, geographic location) and the incidence and prevalence of disease. - Epidemiology Involves the sequence of events that occurs between the stimulus event(s) and the manifestations of the disease. - pathogenesis Tell an individual and their health care provider that something is wrong. e.g. Signs and symptoms - Clinical manifestations Are relatively easy to understand if you review their definitions (cure, remission, chronicity, or death) - Outcomes What are the 4 common mechanisms that characterize all cell injury and death? Give 2 examples of each. - 1. ATP depletion- Ischemia and Anemia 2. Oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals- Chemical and radiation injury, ischemia reperfusion injury, microbial killing by phagocytes, and cellular aging