ACSM STUDY GUIDE 2024. 250 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS, WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
BIOMECHANICS
principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body
PROXIMAL
CLOSER TO THE TRUNK
DISTAL
further from the trunk
SUPERIOR (CRANIAL)
above, toward the head
INFERIOR (CAUDAL)
lower than, toward the feet
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL)
toward the front
POSTERIOR (DORSAL)
toward the back
MEDIAL
closer to the midline
LATERAL
further from the midline
THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES
sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane
SAGITTAL PLANE
makes a division into right and left portions
FRONTAL PLANE
makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
TRANSVERSE PLANE
makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
,ROTATION
movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline
CIRCUMDUCTION
a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
EVERSION
turning the sole of the foot away from the midline
INVERSION
turning the sole of the foot toward the midline
Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum...
AXIAL SKELETON
VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE)
serves as the main axial support for the body
4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column
cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve,
sacral curve
KYPHOSIS "primary curves"
curves of the thoracic and sacral regions
LORDOSIS "secondary curves"
curves of the cervical and lumbar region
Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane
hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis
HYPERKYPHOSIS
exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature
HYPERLORDOSIS
exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature
Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane
scoliosis
STERNUM
midline of the chest
, What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
RF for family history
myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death to a 1st degree family member when
>55 male, >65 female
RF for cigarette smoking
within 6 months
Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL
Lgreater than 130 mg/dL
RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol
greater than 200 mg/dL
RF Dyslipidemia low HDL
less than 40 mg/dL
RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months
less than 30 min/day, 3 days/week, for at least 3 months
RF Prediabetes fasting blood glucose
greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL up to 126
greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL
Fasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes diagnosis
RF for Obesity
body mass of greater then or equal to 30kg/m2; waist girthgreater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for
women
RF Age men, women
45 men, 55 women
Negative Risk Factor
HDL greater than 60 mg/dL
RF for hypertensive
systolic greater than or equal to 140; diastolic greater then or equal to 90; confirmed by 2 separate
occasions or on hypertension meds
obesity
AND ANSWERS, WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
BIOMECHANICS
principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body
PROXIMAL
CLOSER TO THE TRUNK
DISTAL
further from the trunk
SUPERIOR (CRANIAL)
above, toward the head
INFERIOR (CAUDAL)
lower than, toward the feet
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL)
toward the front
POSTERIOR (DORSAL)
toward the back
MEDIAL
closer to the midline
LATERAL
further from the midline
THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES
sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane
SAGITTAL PLANE
makes a division into right and left portions
FRONTAL PLANE
makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
TRANSVERSE PLANE
makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
,ROTATION
movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline
CIRCUMDUCTION
a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
EVERSION
turning the sole of the foot away from the midline
INVERSION
turning the sole of the foot toward the midline
Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum...
AXIAL SKELETON
VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE)
serves as the main axial support for the body
4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column
cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve,
sacral curve
KYPHOSIS "primary curves"
curves of the thoracic and sacral regions
LORDOSIS "secondary curves"
curves of the cervical and lumbar region
Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane
hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis
HYPERKYPHOSIS
exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature
HYPERLORDOSIS
exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature
Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane
scoliosis
STERNUM
midline of the chest
, What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
RF for family history
myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death to a 1st degree family member when
>55 male, >65 female
RF for cigarette smoking
within 6 months
Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL
Lgreater than 130 mg/dL
RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol
greater than 200 mg/dL
RF Dyslipidemia low HDL
less than 40 mg/dL
RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months
less than 30 min/day, 3 days/week, for at least 3 months
RF Prediabetes fasting blood glucose
greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL up to 126
greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL
Fasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes diagnosis
RF for Obesity
body mass of greater then or equal to 30kg/m2; waist girthgreater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for
women
RF Age men, women
45 men, 55 women
Negative Risk Factor
HDL greater than 60 mg/dL
RF for hypertensive
systolic greater than or equal to 140; diastolic greater then or equal to 90; confirmed by 2 separate
occasions or on hypertension meds
obesity
