BSN 346 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers

What physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions predispose an individual to disturbances in fluid intake? - Answer-- habit - social factors - thirst - trauma, infection, neoplasia, surgery -- disruption in physiological signals of thirst - altered level of consciousness - inability to acquire or physically drink fluids - increasing age; cerebral osmoreceptor-mediated thirst diminishes in older adults additional routes for fluid intake: - IV - tube in GI tract and other body cavities - subcutaneous tissue or bone marrow - rectal intake - lungs (drowning) How do the compositions of plasma and interstitial fluids differ? How are they similar? - Answer-Different: - Plasma contains many proteins whereas interstitial fluid contains few proteins Similar: - relatively rich in sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions - relatively low in potassium, magnesium and phosphate ions What regulates water and electrolyte movement between plasma and interstitial fluids? Across cell membranes? - Answer-Between plasma and interstitial fluids: - Water and electrolytes move across capillary walls by filtration, which is the net result of opposing hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures in the capillary and the interstitial fluid