CMAN 380 Final Exam Study Guide with complete solution

CMAN 380 Final Exam Study Guide with complete solution goal of epidemiology` to improve health outcomes in a population rate number of events/populations at risk x 100,000 incidence number of new cases of an illness/injury that occurs within a specific time prevalence measures all of the existing cases at a given point in time prospective study establishes a causal association and a temporal relationship, all subjects are free of disease, data is collected over time retrospective study does NOT establish a causal association, investigators go back in time to study a population that was at risk (subjects have already has the illness/injury) confounding factor variable that effects both the exposure and the outcome; must be identifiable to account for what may impact the direct and indirect variables evidenced based research taking findings from studies and implementing them into practice pathogenesis how an infection or disease develops in the body/chain of events leading to the disease tuberculosis transmission droplet nuclei (airborne) latent TB occurs when the tubercle bacilli are in the body but the immune system is keeping them under control active TB develops when the immune system cannot keep tubercle bacilli under control conditions that increase the probability of a person with latent TB to develop active TB - HIV - substance abuse - recent TB infection - prolonged corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy - organ transplant - silicosis - diabetes mellitus - severe kidney disease - certain types of cancer - certain intestinal conditions - low body weight the ways in a person infected with HIV can develop TB