National Board Early Childhood Generalist Component 1 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

National Board Early Childhood Generalist Component 1 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Reflection - Answer- Minute-to- minute adjustments a teacher makes or in the more thoughtful analysis and deliberate adjustments made at the end of a unit Orthography - Answer- A set of conventions for writing a language (spelling, capitalization, punctuation) Students need lots of opportunities to - Answer- count and produce sets composing/decomposing - Answer- Mathematical processes of putting together and taking apart (for example, addition and subtraction) Unitizing - Answer- Must be grasped before moving students to base 10 blocks Stages of language development - Answer- 1- Preproduction minimal comprehension 2- Early productivity limited comprehension 3- Speech emergence good comprehension 4-Intermediate fluency excellent comprehension 5- Advanced fluency near native language Carol Tomlinson - Answer- Differentiated instruction - A more qualitative than quantitative approach to teaching and learning for students of differing abilities to maximize each students growth and individual success by meeting each student where they are and assisting in the learning process Differentiation - Answer- Teachers response to the learners needs : respectful tasks, continual assessment, flexible grouping Teachers can differentiate - Answer- Content, process, product Differentiate according to students - Answer- Readiness, interests, learning profile Differentiated Instructional strategies - Answer- Learning stations, task cards, target different senses, think-pair-share, group students with similar learning styles Stages of Phonological Awareness/Literacy Development - Answer- 1&2-Listening and speaking 3-Rhyme awareness 4-Syllable awareness (Mon•day) 5-Onset & Rhyme (t•all) 6&7- Phonemic Awareness (pencil) 5 sounds 8- Phonics - sound /letter relationships 9&10 Phonics - reading & spelling Homonyms - Answer- Spruce- to spruce up Spruce - spruce tree Homographs - Answer- Bow- to bend down Bow- ribbon Homophones - Answer- Rode/Road Affixes - Answer- prefixes and suffixes Root words - Answer- morphemes Schwa - Answer- Mysterious unstressed vowel (banana) /u/ Developmental Stages of Writing - Answer- 1. Pre-Literate - scribble, symbolic stage, directional scribble, mock letters 2. Emergent - letter strings, letter groups, labels pictures, environmental print 3. Transitional - Letter/Word representation, first/last letter (ct=cat) 4. Fluent - Beginning phrase writing, sentence writing Stages of Writing - Answer- 1. Planning 2. First Draft 3. Revising 4. Editing 5. Publishing Steps in the research paper - Answer- 1. Identify topic 2. Develop ideas 3. Gather content 4. Evaluate resources 5. Create citations Commutative Property - Answer- A+B=C B+A=C Associative Property - Answer- (a+b)+c=a+(b+c) (ab)c=a(bc) Distributive Property - Answer- a(b + c) = ab + ac Identity Property of Multiplication - Answer- If you multiply a number by one, the product is the same as that number. Identity Property of Addition - Answer- If you add zero to a number, the sum is the same as that number. Convert percentage to a decimal - Answer- divide by 100 EX: 45%: 45% / 100= 0.45 To convert a fraction to a percent - Answer- 1. change the fraction to a decimal 2. change the decimal to a percentage EX: 2/5 = 0.4 = 40% Conflict Resolution Strategies - Answer- Be calm, apologize, listen, share feelings, choose different activity, take turns, ask for help, creative drama, journaling • for emotional development and self regulation Inquiry-based learning - Answer- Students develop hypotheses, collect information/data to test the hypotheses and analyze information/data and formulate conclusions based on the analyses. This is sometimes referred to as the scientific method. •Ask, Investigate, Create, Discuss, Reflects Inquiry-based learning - Answer- Discovering the question Project-based learning - Answer- Exploring the answer Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence - Answer- 1- verbal linguistic 2- Logical/mathematics 3- Spatial/visual 4- Body/kinesthetic 5-Musical 6- Interpersonal 7- Intrapersonal 8- Naturalist 9-Existential Piaget's Theory - Answer- The theory that children construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development. -Facilitate learning- student centered- learn by doing- problem solving must be discovered not taught- collaborate- active learning-build schema-evaluate development- development comes before learning Piaget: Assimilation and Accommodation - Answer- 1. ASSIMILATION: The process of taking in new information and interpreting it in such a manner that the information conforms to a current held model of the world. (Individuals perceive the environment in a way that fits existing schemata.)