AQA GCSE Design and Technology - Product Design Practice Exam 2024.

Why does product evolution occur? - correct answer > Continuous improvement > Market pull > Technology push > Social/cultural needs > Political/environmental needs What is market pull? - correct answer > Designing to satisfy the needs and wants of customers - costumer demand > Changing fashions and social attitudes affect what people want and it isn't always the same Give an example of market pull - correct answer A car is designed to get you from A to B but they have become a status symbol and luxury extras such as seat-back TV screens are added What is technology push? - correct answer > Research and development leads to new technologies, materials and manufacturing techniques > New technology can make a product cheaper, perform its function better or be nicer-looking Give an example of technology push - correct answer Computers started as a hude 'adding machines' but now microchips allow for small, fast and powerful machienes What is continuous improvement? - correct answer > Manufactures want to make more money, increase profit > They improve the design do they can be made more easily 'continuous improvement' > They make them as good as possible to make money, be competitive and meet standards of product quality What alternative reasons can a product evolve for? - correct answer > Social or cultural needs (For example, wind-up radios for Africans so they could listen to educational broadcasts about health concerns) > Political or environmental needs (For example, the need for environmentally friendly products such as hybrid engine cars that are more efficient) Name the features of the Arts and Crafts movement - correct answer > Founded by William Morris > Bases on patterns found in nature > Upright and angular > Made by made and skilled craftsmen Name the features of the Art Nouveau movement - correct answer > Designers include Louis C.Tiffany > Flowing and curvy designs > They use floral or insect motifs Name the features of the Art Deco movement - correct answer > Inspired by African and Egyptian art > Bold colours, zigzag and stepped shapes, bold sweeping curves and the sunset motif > Example is the Chrysler building in New York Name the features of the Bauhaus movement - correct answer > Movement from Germany > Has the motto 'form follows function' > Function is most important and appearance is second > It is futuristic, simplistic and used mass production methods > Uses chrome tubing and black leather Name the features of the De Stijl movement - correct answer > Dutch modernist movemnt > Basic - uses simple shapes, horizontal and vertical lines > The three primary colous only > Well known example is Gerrit Rietveld's Red and Blue chair Name the features of the postmodernism movement - correct answer > Rejected 'form follows function' > Put style as the focus point of design > Memphis used bright, contrasting colours and different materials > Some styles contain kitsch and minimalism What are human factors? - correct answer Addressing different needs and values of target groups > Disabled users > Cultural and religious values > Age groups > Ergonomics > Anthropometrics Explain how products can be changed for disabled users - correct answer > Some packaging has Braille for blind users > Buttons can be made bigger and brighter so they are easier to press and find > Products such as smoke alarms can have visible signals as well as audio ones so deaf people are alerted to fires > Instructions can be given in picture or diagram form so people with difficulty reading text can use the product > Wheelchair access must be designed into busses, trains and working stations (like atms) Explain how products can be changed to suit cultural and religious values - correct answer > You can cater for their dietary needs > Create products to suit a particular custom or celebration - like Diwali uses lights > Cultures can use things differently, the Japanese custom is to eat at a low table on the floor > Clothing styles can vary, it could be inappropriate to wear revealing clothing > Colours can have different meaning - Chinese brides wear red for example Explain how products can be changed with respect to age groups - correct answer > Small children or the elderly may not be able to manipulate small parts such as tricky fastenings or open packaging > Elderly and infirm people may have trouble holding and using products so you could make easy grip handles What are ergonomics? - correct answer How easy and comfortable a product is to use, efficiency in use Why are ergonomics important? - correct answer > To fit the size and proportions of the user > It improves safety, comfort and efficiency > Long-term damage to health can be caused by badly-designed products Give an example of ergonomic design - correct answer A chair seat must be the right height off the ground and support the persons back in the right places What are anthropometrics? - correct answer The study of human body measurements used to make products of the right size and shape How are anthropometrics used in design? - correct answer > Designers use them to cater for 90% of their target market > They use percentiles between the 5th and 95th in their design so it is suitable for most users > If you lie outside of the 90% you need to have products custom-made Give an example of the use of anthropometric data - correct answer > Tennis racket handles width needs to fit the size of the average hand > Football t-shirts should be made for the average torso, arm and neck sizes What is a design brief and what does it include? - correct answer A statement of what a product should do, a starting point > What kind of product is needed and why > How the product will be used > Functions and properties it should have > Who the product is for (target market) What is the point in carrying out research? - correct answer > To find if your product is needed/wanted > To find what people like/dislike about the design > To be inspired by existing designs > To find out what materials, components and techniques would be suitable for your design > To know manufacturing and selling costs What is market research? - correct answer To find peoples likes/dislikes and understand the needs/wants of your target market What is product analysis? - correct answer > Examining an existing product by disassembling it > Finding out how it was made and works > See the good and bad features > Know the size and weight of the product > Know how it tastes, feels, looks or smells (sensory analysis) How do you draw conclusions from research? - correct answer > Summarise your findings > Explain how that is applied to your design What is design specification? - correct answer It gives certain conditions the product must meet - often known as design criteria and take account of research findings What does design specification involve? - correct answer ACCESS FM > Aesthetics > Customer > Cost > Environment > Size > Sustainanility > Function > Materials What are the three main design methods? - correct answer > Systems approach > Empirical problem solving > Intuitive designing What are the features of a systems approach design method? - correct answer > Breaking down the design process into different stages and carrying out each step in turn > It is orderly and reliable What are the features of an empirical problem solving design method? - correct answer > Using trial and error to develop a good design > Making prototypes of different designs to find which works best > Each prototype should evolve from the best in order to be improved What are the features of intuitive designing as a design method? - correct answer > Those with lot of experience can make good guesses about what designs will work best > They use intuition