NURS 251 Portage Study Guide 2

inflammatory mediators - end results of inflammation, help us to heal, but cause pain and swelling along the way --pain, heat, redness, swelling corticosteroids - group of steroidal hormones. cortisol - prototypical, naturally occuring (endogenous) corticosteroid -produced in the outer part (cortex) of the adrenal glands that sit on top of the kidneys -modulate glucose levels and body responses to stress -temper the immune function, and decrease inflammatory response eicosanoids - local hormones that are derived from lipid molecules on the cell membrane of virtually all body cells --involved in regulating a number of different physiologic processes from birth and BP, to inflammation and pain corticosteroids are better antiinflammatories than COX-inhibitors (like aspirin) because they inhibit all aspects of the __________ _____ _________ - arachidonic acid cascade because they work upstream of arachidonic acid, corticosteroids also inhibit..... - leukotrienes produced from the lipoxygenase enzyme over a long period of use, patient taking corticosteroids actually develop a characteristic body habitus and the person is said to be _______ - cushinoid corticosteroids have systemic major side effects, so we try to use them ______ __ _______ - regionally or locally cortisone - a synthetic derivative of the natural corticosteroid hormone cortisol Cortenema - hydrocortisone is formulated in prescription strength as an enema --for use in cases of Crohn's disease/ulcerative colitis --corticosteroid prednisone - one of the most popular, potent corticosteroids --usually administered orally --corticosteroid hydrocortisone - can be found in OTC creams --you might find them to be too weak, and may need prescription strength steroids --corticosteroid methylprednisolone - Solu-Medrol for IV administartion in emergency cases, such as treatment of anaphylaxis --corticosteroid triamcinolone - Kenalog popular prescription strength creams and ointments --corticosteroid betamethasone - popular prescription strength creams and ointments --corticosteroid estradiol - Ez predominant estrogen in nonpregnant women, produced primarily by developing ovarian follicles testosterone - male sex steroid most important male androgen hormone dihydrotestosterone - male sex steroid most important male androgen hormone (DHT) Dianabol - --methandrostenolone synthetic drug of abuse first anabolic steroid in the US, developed for olympic athletes Recombinant Human Growth Hormone - r-HGH produced as the drug Genotropin --nonsteroid protein based hormone --often abused, leads to acromegaly anabolic steroids - anabolic-androgen steroids(AAS) -"roids" or "arnolds" -mimic the effects of testosterone and DHT 4% topical cocaine - decongestant --if not for the controlled status of this drug it would be our best decongestant with the added benefit of a great local anesthesia --still used in some ENT practices phenylephrine - Neo-Synephrine decongestant "remember the ANS" topical preparation Contact-widely available, but only marginally effective at relieving a stuffy nose oxymetazoline - Afrin Nasal Spray decongestant topical preparation pseudoephedrine - Pfizer's original formulation Sudafed kept behind the counter for pharmacist supervision