AANP FNP EXAM 2023-2024 FNP (AANP)
Study Guide Questions and Correct
Answers
Microcytic Anemias - ANSWERS-IDA, Thalassemia, Lead Toxicity
Macrocytic Anemias - ANSWERS-B12 Deficiency and Folate deificiency
IDA - ANSWERS-Microcytic, hypochromic
Patient Presentation with microcytic anemia - ANSWERS-Weakness, headache,
irritability, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. Worsening of angina or dementia
TIBC - ANSWERS-Elevated with IDA
Average lifespan of RBCs - ANSWERS-100-120 days
RDW <15% - ANSWERS-Longstanding anemia in that all cells are small
RDW > 15% - ANSWERS-New onset anemia; There is a mixture of normal and small
RBCs
Iron Rich foods - ANSWERS-Organ meats, red meats, dried peas and beans, whole
grains, and dark, green, leafy vegetables
Iron Replacement - ANSWERS-150-200 mg/d Elemental Iron x4-6 months
Beta Thalassemia - ANSWERS-Avoid excessive iron consumption and will need genetic
counseling
Alpha Thalassemia - ANSWERS-Asians, Mediterranean origin, avoid inappropriate
exposure to iron, no therapy needed in minima and minor
Liver - ANSWERS-Where excess iron is stored
Thalassemia Lab Results - ANSWERS-Decrease hct, hgb, MCV, and MCH
Normal RDW, serum iron, serum ferritin, and TIBC
IDA Lab Results - ANSWERS-Decrease in hgb, hct, MCV, MCH, serum iron, and serum
ferritin
Elevated RDW & TIBC
RBC lifespan in chronic disease - ANSWERS-60-90 days
,Macrocytosis Etiologies - ANSWERS-ETOH abuse, substance abuse, celiac disease,
IBS, pregnancy, lactation, certain medications, and myelodysplastic syndromes
Which macrocytic anemia is characterized by neuro changes? - ANSWERS-Vit B12
(Folate does not usually present with neuro changes)
Thrombocytopenia - ANSWERS-Platelet count less than 150,000
Thrombocytopenia Etiology - ANSWERS-Drug induced, SLE, recent infection,
idiopathic, antiphospholipid syndrome, or leukemia
Agranular WBCs - ANSWERS-Lymphocytes 20-25%
Monocytes 3-8%
Granular WBCs - ANSWERS-Basophils 0.5-1%
Neutrophils 60-70%
Eosinophils 2-4%
Eosinophils will increase with... - ANSWERS-Allergic reactions and parasitic infections
On a CBC think a viral infection when... - ANSWERS-Poly's and Lumphs are
numerically close
On a CBC think bacterial infection when... - ANSWERS-Poly's and Lymphs are
numerically distant
On a CBC, what will increase first with an infection? - ANSWERS-Poly's and Lymphs
Mono's on a CBC react within what amount of time in an infection? - ANSWERS-24
hours
What are bands? - ANSWERS-Immature WBCs and when present represents a bad
infection
Common medications that can cause anemia - ANSWERS-Metformin and PPIs
Hgb to Hct ratio - ANSWERS-1:3
Only time you will see the Hgb : Hct ratio differ? - ANSWERS-Severe dehydration will
decrease the Hct because it is volume dependent
As MCV decreases, the RDW _____________? - ANSWERS-Increases
As the MCV increases, the RDW ________________? - ANSWERS-Increases
, Normal response to anemia is________________ - ANSWERS-Reticulocytosis
Most common etiology for normocytic normochromic anemia - ANSWERS-Acute blood
loss or anemia of chronic disease
At risk groups for alpha Thalassemia minor - ANSWERS-AAA
Asian, African ancestry
At risk groups for beta Thalassemia minir - ANSWERS-BAMME
African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern ancestry
Drug-Induced Macrocytosis without anemia - ANSWERS-MCV elevated and MCH/RDW
normal. Can be caused by Dilantin, AZT, Depakote, or Tegretol
Most common type of anemia in childhood - ANSWERS-IDA
Most common type of anemia during pregnancy - ANSWERS-IDA
Most common type of anemia in women during reproductive years - ANSWERS-IDA
Most common type of anemia in the elderly - ANSWERS-Anemia of chronic disease
Risk of pregnancy in having a child with Thalassemia when the mother and father both
have beta Thalassemia minor - ANSWERS-1 in 4 chance with every pregnancy
Sickle Cell Anemia risks if the mother and father both have one copy of the sickle cell
gene with each pregnancy - ANSWERS-1:4 does not have sickle cell
2:4 one copy of sickle cell
1:4 has sickle cell anemia
Most common enzymatic disorder of red blood cells in humans - ANSWERS-G6PD
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
What do patients with G6PD need to avoid? - ANSWERS-Sulfa drugs, aspirin, and fava
beans because consumption will precipitate lysis of RBCs
Primary cause of blindness in adults - ANSWERS-Macular degeneration
Second leading cause of blindness in adults - ANSWERS-Cataracts
Pterygium - ANSWERS-Common non-cancerous growth on cornea and conjunctiva;
can grow and cause blindness
Pinguecula - ANSWERS-Yellow, white deposit on the conjunctiva; asymptomatic
Study Guide Questions and Correct
Answers
Microcytic Anemias - ANSWERS-IDA, Thalassemia, Lead Toxicity
Macrocytic Anemias - ANSWERS-B12 Deficiency and Folate deificiency
IDA - ANSWERS-Microcytic, hypochromic
Patient Presentation with microcytic anemia - ANSWERS-Weakness, headache,
irritability, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. Worsening of angina or dementia
TIBC - ANSWERS-Elevated with IDA
Average lifespan of RBCs - ANSWERS-100-120 days
RDW <15% - ANSWERS-Longstanding anemia in that all cells are small
RDW > 15% - ANSWERS-New onset anemia; There is a mixture of normal and small
RBCs
Iron Rich foods - ANSWERS-Organ meats, red meats, dried peas and beans, whole
grains, and dark, green, leafy vegetables
Iron Replacement - ANSWERS-150-200 mg/d Elemental Iron x4-6 months
Beta Thalassemia - ANSWERS-Avoid excessive iron consumption and will need genetic
counseling
Alpha Thalassemia - ANSWERS-Asians, Mediterranean origin, avoid inappropriate
exposure to iron, no therapy needed in minima and minor
Liver - ANSWERS-Where excess iron is stored
Thalassemia Lab Results - ANSWERS-Decrease hct, hgb, MCV, and MCH
Normal RDW, serum iron, serum ferritin, and TIBC
IDA Lab Results - ANSWERS-Decrease in hgb, hct, MCV, MCH, serum iron, and serum
ferritin
Elevated RDW & TIBC
RBC lifespan in chronic disease - ANSWERS-60-90 days
,Macrocytosis Etiologies - ANSWERS-ETOH abuse, substance abuse, celiac disease,
IBS, pregnancy, lactation, certain medications, and myelodysplastic syndromes
Which macrocytic anemia is characterized by neuro changes? - ANSWERS-Vit B12
(Folate does not usually present with neuro changes)
Thrombocytopenia - ANSWERS-Platelet count less than 150,000
Thrombocytopenia Etiology - ANSWERS-Drug induced, SLE, recent infection,
idiopathic, antiphospholipid syndrome, or leukemia
Agranular WBCs - ANSWERS-Lymphocytes 20-25%
Monocytes 3-8%
Granular WBCs - ANSWERS-Basophils 0.5-1%
Neutrophils 60-70%
Eosinophils 2-4%
Eosinophils will increase with... - ANSWERS-Allergic reactions and parasitic infections
On a CBC think a viral infection when... - ANSWERS-Poly's and Lumphs are
numerically close
On a CBC think bacterial infection when... - ANSWERS-Poly's and Lymphs are
numerically distant
On a CBC, what will increase first with an infection? - ANSWERS-Poly's and Lymphs
Mono's on a CBC react within what amount of time in an infection? - ANSWERS-24
hours
What are bands? - ANSWERS-Immature WBCs and when present represents a bad
infection
Common medications that can cause anemia - ANSWERS-Metformin and PPIs
Hgb to Hct ratio - ANSWERS-1:3
Only time you will see the Hgb : Hct ratio differ? - ANSWERS-Severe dehydration will
decrease the Hct because it is volume dependent
As MCV decreases, the RDW _____________? - ANSWERS-Increases
As the MCV increases, the RDW ________________? - ANSWERS-Increases
, Normal response to anemia is________________ - ANSWERS-Reticulocytosis
Most common etiology for normocytic normochromic anemia - ANSWERS-Acute blood
loss or anemia of chronic disease
At risk groups for alpha Thalassemia minor - ANSWERS-AAA
Asian, African ancestry
At risk groups for beta Thalassemia minir - ANSWERS-BAMME
African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern ancestry
Drug-Induced Macrocytosis without anemia - ANSWERS-MCV elevated and MCH/RDW
normal. Can be caused by Dilantin, AZT, Depakote, or Tegretol
Most common type of anemia in childhood - ANSWERS-IDA
Most common type of anemia during pregnancy - ANSWERS-IDA
Most common type of anemia in women during reproductive years - ANSWERS-IDA
Most common type of anemia in the elderly - ANSWERS-Anemia of chronic disease
Risk of pregnancy in having a child with Thalassemia when the mother and father both
have beta Thalassemia minor - ANSWERS-1 in 4 chance with every pregnancy
Sickle Cell Anemia risks if the mother and father both have one copy of the sickle cell
gene with each pregnancy - ANSWERS-1:4 does not have sickle cell
2:4 one copy of sickle cell
1:4 has sickle cell anemia
Most common enzymatic disorder of red blood cells in humans - ANSWERS-G6PD
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
What do patients with G6PD need to avoid? - ANSWERS-Sulfa drugs, aspirin, and fava
beans because consumption will precipitate lysis of RBCs
Primary cause of blindness in adults - ANSWERS-Macular degeneration
Second leading cause of blindness in adults - ANSWERS-Cataracts
Pterygium - ANSWERS-Common non-cancerous growth on cornea and conjunctiva;
can grow and cause blindness
Pinguecula - ANSWERS-Yellow, white deposit on the conjunctiva; asymptomatic
