CPH Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers 100% Solved 2024

CPH Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers 100% Solved 2024 epidemiological triad host, agent, environment An _______ is the probability that an event will occur divided by the probability that it will not occur. Since probabilities cannot be ______, a negative odds ratio would indicate computational ______. odds ratio, negative, error _______ is the proportion of truly diseased people in the screened population who are identified as having the disease by the screening test. Probability of correctly diagnosing a case or the probability that any given case will be identified by the test, _______________ sensitivity, true positives _______ is the proportion of truly non-diseased people who are so identified by the screening test. Probability of correctly identifying a non-diseased person with the screening test, _________ specificity, true negatives A test with 95% ______ and 90% ______will, from a population with the disease, detect the disease in 95 people out of 100. sensitivity, specificity ________ is calculated as the number of deaths due to a specific disease within a population divided by the total number of deaths in the population proportionate mortality ratio _________ is the proportion of cases of a disease or condition that are fatal within a specified period of time. case fatality ratio ______ is the mortality rate from a specified cause for a population cause-specific mortality rate ______ the number of deaths in a given period divided by the population exposed to risk of death in that period crude mortality (death) rate The four P's of public health marketing services include: Product, price, place, and promotion An appropriately tailored intervention message most importantly should: A) Take into account characteristics of the target population B) Be designed through community organizational strategies C) Meet the criteria established by the funding agency D) Be designed and tested by colleagues and experts in the field A The best use of clinical practice guidelines is as an: A) indication of the best diagnostic and treatment practices based on the best available evidence. B) enforceable standard of care against which deviations should be detected and corrected. C) ideal therapy plan that should be supported in public health regulation and patient education. 4) information pamphlet for distribution in public health patient education programs. A For the first time scientists in the United States conducted a longitudinal study that followed children with Zika for one year. They found that even children who appeared with no deformities at birth developed specific developmental delays. Which communication criteria do Zika scientists meet when they share their research findings with their communities and global constituencies? Select the BEST answer. A) They practice transparency in advancing Zika research B) They demonstrate beneficence, a core public health ethical principle C) They provide strategic leadership in leading local and international solutions D) They demonstrate their competence in Zika research C Public health agencies should be aware of how to communicate the role of public health with external stakeholders. What is the role of public health agencies when communicating with external stakeholders? A) To promote the agency and engage in advocacy B) To promote favorable legislation C) To provide STI tests and keep the public safe D) To provide vaccinations A _____ communicates what your organization believes are the ideal conditions for your community. An organization's __________ describes what the group is going to do, and why it's going to do that. _______ refer to specific measurable results for the initiative's broad goals. ______ and quantities provide means of measurement and comparison for goals and objectives. vision, mission statement, objectives, numbers _____ Leadership occurs where a leader influences another through a reciprocal relationship or an exchange of things of value to advance both of their agendas. transactional Government employees still have constitutional rights as individuals, so generally can exercise those rights so long as there are no _________ implications that lead to the appearance of bias or abuse of privilege in their role as a government official. conflict of interest ______ powers may be used by states to promote laws in the interests of the general welfare and health of society. States retain discretion over the content and scope of such laws, provided they are not found to violate constitutional rights, and this leads to differences in how such policies are implemented at the state and local level. police The U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the 10th amendment to the U.S. Constitution to give the states 'police powers' to pursue public health initiatives that protect general welfare, however differences in such initiatives persist across the states because: A) Police powers prohibit states from defining standards of care and required the federal government to do so B) Standards of care are implied by police powers but implementation is left to the states C) Police powers permit each state the right to define and delegate authority and responsibility for public health services D) States use police powers to fund public health services only through property taxes, and these vary from state to state Explanation C Live attenuated vaccines are prepared by growing live pathogens under conditions that induce mutations in the pathogen that reduce its virulence, but not its ________. There is a small, but definite, risk that the pathogen can undergo reversion mutations. immunogenicity ______ gives the best estimate for individual exposure. This approach involves collecting bodily fluids or other biological samples and analyzing them for the presence of a contaminant, the metabolite of the contaminant, or a biological response. Biomonitoring The nutrient-rich solids produced as a byproduct of municipal sewage treatment and often proposed for use as a soil amender in agriculture is termed: A) Hazardous waste B) Suspended Solids C) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) D) Sludge D Ingestion of _____-polluted water by infants under 6 months of age can cause the formation of potentially fatal levels of methemoglobin in their red blood cells. Methemoglobin restricts the ability of the cells to carry oxygen to the tissues, and although adults are generally ________, "methemoglobinemia" can be fatal to the infants. Methemoglobinemia produces a characteristic blue tint in the tissues due to oxygen deficiency (cyanosis), hence the name "Blue-Baby Syndrome." nitrate, unaffected By what programmatic mechanism does the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) work with states to implement national environmental standards such as NAAQS? A) By creating a memorandum of understanding focusing on cost-sharing of environmental burdens B) By establishing air quality monitoring stations C) By using a State Implementation Plan (SIP) approved by the EPA D) By funding risk assessment studies that provide a basis for the NAAQS for any criterion pollutant C