BIO 253 HONDROS TEST 2 - 2023 Q&A GRADED A+ Job of Auditory (Eustachian) tube - ANSWER maintains equal pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane connects middle ear to throat Are cranial/spinal nerves PNS or CNS? - ANSWER PNS Tunic layers of Eye - ANSWER Fibrous outer layer -sclera and cornea Vascula middle layer -pigmented, cont. blood vessels Nervous inner layer -retina, rods and cones What are the ear stones? - ANSWER Otoliths -help with balance and equilibrium Receptors activated by specific action - ANSWER Thermoreceptors Nociceptors Mechanoreceptors Cranial nerves that control eye movement - ANSWER Oculomotor Trochlear Abducens Fovea Centralis - ANSWER Part of Retina that contains the highest amount of photoreceptors Optic Disc - ANSWER Optic nerve exits through here Pt of retina the has NO photoreceptors where blood vessels enter eye Sound transmission in ear - ANSWER Pinna (auricle) --external auditory canal --tympanic membrane (vibrates back and forth; pushes on the ossicles) --malleolus, incus, stapes --fluid in the inner ear becomes wavy and stimulates mechanoreceptors (hair cells) in the cochlea Which receptors never experience adaptation? - ANSWER Nociceptors --Pain Receptors controlled by being stretched or pushed on - ANSWER Mechanoreceptors ie -
Bladder distention The receptor of the nose - ANSWER chemoreceptors Which structure contains tracts that carry nerve impulses to/from brain? - ANSWER White matter Endocrine glands - ANSWER ductless release hormones hormones travel through blood to targets lamellated corpuscles - ANSWER common in deeper subcut. tissues, tendons, ligaments detect heavy pressure tactile corpuscles - ANSWER abundant in hairless porti ons of skin detect light touch microglia - ANSWER perform phagocytosis, eat germs, clean up cellular debris when cells die astrocytes - ANSWER deliver nutrients help form synapses regulate fluid in interstial ependymal cells - ANSWER line ventricles mov e CSF circulate CSF in ventricle of brain and central canal of spinal cord oligodendrocytes - ANSWER make up myelin sheath in CNS schwann cells - ANSWER make up myelin sheath in PNS depolarization - ANSWER Na+ channels open and Na+ moves inside cell ins ide the cell becomes more positive repolarization - ANSWER K+ moves out of cell goes back to normal state inside cell becomes more negative ventral roots of spinal cord - ANSWER motor neurons multipolar dorsal roots of spinal cord - ANSWER unipolar sensory neurons Nerves of the PNS - ANSWER 12 Cranial nerves 31 Spinal nerves Afferent -nerve impulse toward CNS Efferent -nerve impulse away from CNS function of CNS - ANSWER integrate all cell impulses from body and send out commands What does myelin sheath do? - ANSWER covers white matter speeds up nerve impulses NO myelin sheath in gray matter relative refractory - ANSWER Na+ gate channel closes --
Repolarization saltatory conduction - ANSWER nerve impulse jumps from node -to-node in myelinated nerve fiber action potential - ANSWER ion distribution at rest in a membrane
Bladder distention The receptor of the nose - ANSWER chemoreceptors Which structure contains tracts that carry nerve impulses to/from brain? - ANSWER White matter Endocrine glands - ANSWER ductless release hormones hormones travel through blood to targets lamellated corpuscles - ANSWER common in deeper subcut. tissues, tendons, ligaments detect heavy pressure tactile corpuscles - ANSWER abundant in hairless porti ons of skin detect light touch microglia - ANSWER perform phagocytosis, eat germs, clean up cellular debris when cells die astrocytes - ANSWER deliver nutrients help form synapses regulate fluid in interstial ependymal cells - ANSWER line ventricles mov e CSF circulate CSF in ventricle of brain and central canal of spinal cord oligodendrocytes - ANSWER make up myelin sheath in CNS schwann cells - ANSWER make up myelin sheath in PNS depolarization - ANSWER Na+ channels open and Na+ moves inside cell ins ide the cell becomes more positive repolarization - ANSWER K+ moves out of cell goes back to normal state inside cell becomes more negative ventral roots of spinal cord - ANSWER motor neurons multipolar dorsal roots of spinal cord - ANSWER unipolar sensory neurons Nerves of the PNS - ANSWER 12 Cranial nerves 31 Spinal nerves Afferent -nerve impulse toward CNS Efferent -nerve impulse away from CNS function of CNS - ANSWER integrate all cell impulses from body and send out commands What does myelin sheath do? - ANSWER covers white matter speeds up nerve impulses NO myelin sheath in gray matter relative refractory - ANSWER Na+ gate channel closes --
Repolarization saltatory conduction - ANSWER nerve impulse jumps from node -to-node in myelinated nerve fiber action potential - ANSWER ion distribution at rest in a membrane
