PSU PLSC 1 Exam 3 QUESTIONS WITH 100 % CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED

Public assessments of elected officials, attitudes toward political organizations and social groups, and preferences about whether and how government ought to address important problems can all be classified under the heading of __________. - Answer-public opinion An all-encompassing means of understanding the world or society, one through which an individual can filter all new political information and situations, is best described as: - Answer-an ideology. American radio and television are regulated by an independent regulatory agency established in 1934 called the: - Answer-Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The American public's assessment of the job the president is doing rarely corresponds to economic performance. - Answer-False Timeliness was previously seen as a strong suit of broadcast media, with indepth coverage and analysis the strong suit of newspapers and magazines. Today, however, traditional media operations, as well as younger competitors, often combine those strengths through: - Answer-breaking news content offered through the Internet, including coverage and analysis provided on their websites. The process through which underlying beliefs and values are formed is collectively called political: - Answer-socialization. More than any other single news source, Americans get their news from: - Answer-television. When media reporting affects the way people perceive a certain issue or matter—such as calling a tax an "estate tax" rather than a "death tax"—it can be said to have had ______________. - Answer-a framing effect While the American news media may not intend to tell people what to think about a given politician, elected official, or public policy issue, it can nonetheless have an agenda-setting effect through ________________. - Answer-priming, or its choice of what stories, subjects, or issues it focuses upon Membership in a social group rarely affects an individual's politicalorientation. - Answer-False Despite working in different sectors of the economy, interests including the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) as well as the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees have in common the fact that they are _______________. - Answer-labor organizations, or unions Economist Mancur Olson suggested that interest groups tend to have a harder time getting around the free-rider problem as they grow larger because: - Answer-individuals do not have much incentive to become active members and supporters of a group that is already more or less working on their behalf. Interest group politics in the United States has a pronounced upper-class bias because: - Answerupper-income people and organizations are more likely to be able to play important roles in existing interest groups, or have the resources to form new ones. The formation of many interest groups in the 1930s came about because of: - Answer-the dramatic expansion of the national government. If you join the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) now, the mailing reads, you will receive this free bag, perfect for the traveling you can do more of with member lodging discounts. Meanwhile, the National Rifle Association (NRA) will offer free accidental death and dismemberment insurance if you join today. Both will send you a members-only magazine. Why do the AARP and the NRA, like many other interest groups, offer such benefits and gifts? - Answer-They are trying to overcome the free-rider problem, which can hit larger interest groups harder. An expensive, well-designed ad published in the New York Times that features the successful track record in environmental protection by a major oil company is an example of: - Answer-going public. For many years before the Supreme Court made same-sex marriage legal nationally with its 2015 decision in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges, several gay and lesbian rights group had filed or been closely involved in lawsuits over same-sex marriage bans, and engaged in advertising and social media campaigns in support of legalization. Before the case at hand, for example, the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) group had not only filed an amicus curiae brief in support of the plaintiff (who was an HRC member), but had spearheaded a grassroots social media campaign in which users changed their photos to a red version of group's logo, which depicts an equals sign. In so doing, the HRC can be said to have engaged, overall, in _____________, as a means of exercising influence in government and policymaking. - Answer-insider strategiesJames Madison argued that organized interests would have less opportunity to dominate the political process if the nation: - Answer-was large, with diverse interests, with competition and balance produced by a good constitution. Mobilizing ordinary citizens to write to their representatives in support of a group's position is a specific example of: - Answer-grassroots lobbying. Concerns that lobbyists have too much influence have, over time, led to _________________. - Answer-adoption of legal guidelines regulating their activities After the president signs a piece of legislation into law, why do interest groups not stop working with the executive branch? - Answer-Faithful implementation of the law is not guaranteed and requires continued contact. One clear indicator of the proliferation of interest group activity in modern America is the enormous number of _______________, which are legal entities through which interest groups spend money to influence elections. - Answer-political action committees, or PACs The seemingly eternal problem of "revolving-door politics," which refers to the frequent rotation of elected officials and agency administrators and staff into lobbying jobs, is driven by: - Answer-the continual turnover of staff, lobbyists, and even political parties in Washington. Interest groups tend to primarily concern themselves with: - Answer-their interests and policies of government that affect those interests. A strategy that launches a media campaign to build popular support is called: - Answer-going public. The single strongest predictor of how a person will vote is that individual's: - Answer-party identification. The presidential electors from each state who meet after the popular election to cast ballots for president and vice president are collectively called the: - Answer-Electoral College. While the Constitution gives states control over the administration of federal elections, _______________ are typically tasked with running polling places. - Answer-local governmentsWhich term best describes the apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one political party? - Answer-Gerrymandering