Bio 151 Carbohydrates Study test Exam Questions with passed Answers 2023/2024

Bio 151 Carbohydrates Study test Exam Questions with passed Answers 2023/2024 functions of carbohydrates - correct answer contain energy (chemical bonds) transport energy store energy can be structural structure of carbohydrates - correct answer ... disaccharides - correct answer carbs formed by adding two monosaccharides together by a condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis). reversal is hyrdolysis important disaccharies - correct answer sucrose (glucose + fructose; primary transport sugar in plants) maltose (2x glucose; product of starch hydrolysis) lactose (glucose + galactose) glycogen - correct answer important polysaccharide glucose based long-term, quickly available energy energy storage for animals irregular branching pattern starch - correct answer important polysaccharide energy for plants regular branching pattern cellulose - correct answer important polysaccharide polymer of beta-glucose used in plant cell and bacteria cell walls chitin - correct answer important polysaccharide used in insect exoskeletons definition of lipids - correct answer a class of compounds defined by properties, not composition are fats and "fat-like" substances hydrophobic typically just carbon and hydrogen (can have small amounts of oxygen) primary types of lipids - correct answer fats and oil sterols fats and oils - correct answer super high density, long-term energy storage interaction with water defines boundaries in cells (builds membranes) sterols - correct answer act as biological signals in cells stiffen membranes maintains fluidity (prevents fatty acids from crystallizing) fatty acids - correct answer long carbon/hydrogen chains made from two-carbon units so are often made of 16 or 18 carbons fat - correct answer a large molecule constructed from 2 kinds of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids glycerol - correct answer an alcohol each of its 3 carbons bears a hydroxl group triglycerides - correct answer the resulting fat that consists of 3 fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule phospholipid - correct answer 2 fatty acids + a phosphate group + something else on a glucose molecule no O or N to make it polar hydrophobic on one end and hydrophilic on the other aquaporin - correct answer a protein that allows water to pass through a membrane structure of a protein - correct answer a polymer of amino acid monomers (amino acids hooked in a chain) a carbon with an amino group on the right, a carboxyl group on the left, a hydrogen on the bottom, and a variable group ('R') on the top definition of proteins - correct answer chemically defined amino acids linked together by peptide bonds bonds form by removal of water properties of proteins depend on which amino acids are used and in what order amino acids - correct answer can be polar or nonpolar positively or negatively charged many exist, but only 20 are used in proteins micelle - correct answer ... how to "read" proteins - correct answer "read" from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus levels of protein structure - correct answer primary secondary tertiary quaternary