ANCC exam study 2024 Questions and correct answers

ANCC exam study 2024 41 Questions and correct answers 1. What kind of medications should you avoid in HF - Correct answer Pseudoephrine (sudafed) because its a decongestant; NSAIDS becasue it promotes reabsorption of sodium; any OTC medication with high sodium contents" 2. "What kind of medications to avoid in hypertension? - Correct answer Decongestants;" 3. "Where would you refer a patient with a peritonsillar abscess? - Correct answer Referred to ED" "Definition of proptosis - Correct answer Bulging of the eyeball" 4. "Definition of otorrhea - Correct answer Ear discharge" 5. "What is an avulsed tooth? And is this considered an emergency? - Correct answer A dislodged tooth. YES, a dental emergency. Store tooth in a glass of milk, saline or inside the patient's mouth up against the cheek" 6. "What is cholesteatoma? - Correct answer a tumor/cauliflower like mass (pearly-white) of tissue and cholesterol in the middle ear" 7. "What are diphtheria signs and symptoms? - Correct answer Sore throat, fever, and swollen neck (bull-neck)" 8. "Where is Virchow's node located? And what is it suggestive of? - Correct answer It is a left-sided supraclavicular node that is enlarged and hardened and associated with malignancy. It is highly suggestive of cancers of the stomach, colon, pancreas, gallbladder, kidneys, ovaries, testicles, prostate or lymph node tissue" 9. "Eye structures: Cones? Rods? Macula? Presbyopia? Blepharitis? - Correct answer Cones are for color perception Rods are for low light vision (night vision) and peripheral vision Macula is responsible for our central vision, sharpest vision and color vision Presbyopia is age related visual changes (stiffening of the lenses) Blepharitis is inflammation of the edges of the eyelids where the eyelashes grow. The oil glands can become clogged and cause red irritated and itchy eyelids. Small scale like dandruff may also be present" 10. "Auricular hematoma - Correct answer Usually caused by blunt trauma to the ear which should be drained as soon as possible to avoid damage to the cartilage of the ear. If untreated it can result in cauliflower ear" 11. "What drug can cause the gums to bleed when brushing teeth? The gums will appear red and swollen. - Correct answer Phenytoin (Dilantin) for seizures causing gingival hyperplasia" 12. "What other medication and lab level can you check/order for anemia or decreased RBC production - Correct answer Vitamin B12 Excess vitamin B12 will be excreted via urine" 13. "What labs should be ordered with Guillan-barre? And what is the treatment - Correct answer CBC, CMP, ESR, CRP (ESR and CRP will show any inflammation in body) A HEAD CT, SPINAL MRI AND LP (HEAD CT MOST IMPORTANT) Treatment: IVIG or plasmaphersis (if pt high risk for thromboembolism)" 14. "An off label use for Ace Inhibitors and ARB's? - Correct answer to treat kidney problems caused by diseases (diabetic neuropathy). AKA: protects the kidneys" 15. "What medication should be given if ACS is suspected - Correct answer ASA 162-325mg" 16. "S/S of endocarditis and what test should be ordered for suspected endocarditis - Correct answer Fever, chills, NEW onset murmur, anorexia or weight loss d/t loss or decreased appetite. Splinter hemorrhages, Osler nodes and Janeway lesions are also signs of endo. A TTE should be ordered for suspected endocarditis" 17. "What causes endocarditis? - Correct answer Sometimes, bacteria from your mouth, skin, intestines, respiratory system or urinary tract may be able to get into your bloodstream. This can cause endocarditis. The bacteria rapidly form colonies, grow vegetation and produce enzymes, destroying the surrounding tissue and opening the path for invasion. Normal heart valves are very resistant to infection. However, bacteria can attach to defects on the surface of diseased valves. Replacement heart valves are more prone to infection than normal valves." 18. "Valves sounds (S1 and S2) of the heart - Correct answer Atrioventricular valves: mitral and tricuspid Semilunar valves: aortic and pulmonary S1 = Systolic; MITRAL AND TRICUSPID VALVES S2 = Diastolic; PULMONIC AND AORTIC VALVES" 19. "Timing and locations of murmurs - Correct answer Mr. ASS (S1): Mitral regurgitation/aortic stenosis = systolic Ms. ARD (S2): Mitral stenosis/aortic regurgitation = diastolic" 20. "Location, timing, sound and stethoscope side of murmurs: mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis and aortic regurgitation? - Correct answer Mitral regurgitation = Mitral valve area; systolic; loud blowing/high pitched; diaphragm Aortic stenosis = aortic area; systolic; harsh and noisy; diaphragm Mitral stenosis = mitral valve area; diastolic; low pitched rumbling; bell Aortic regurgitation = aortic valve area or Erb's point; diastolic; high pitched; diaphragm You can remember location of stethoscope with the acronym "A PET MONKEY (A PET M)"" 21. "How many months of amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) does a woman need before being diagnosed with menopause (over the age of 45)? - Correct answer 12 months" 22. "What is the most common cause for viral rhinitis? - Correct answer Rhinovirus Coronavirus, influenza and RSV are other viral rhinitis conditions" 23. "Symptoms of irregular periods and galactorrhea (milky nipple discharge) would warrant a draw for what lab? - Correct answer Prolactin" 24. "What is transillumination used for? - Correct answer To visualize fluid beneath the skin surface such as a hydrocele (swelling of the scrotum) This method is usually recommended in the clinical setting d/t a CT scan or ultrasound not be readily available" 25. "What diagnosis are topical retinoids recommended for? - Correct answer Acne vulgaris Topical retinoids (such as tretinoin) are the first line therapy for acne vulgaris. Recommended to be used in conjunction with Benzoyl peroxide (anti-bacterial). Azelaic acid is recommended for those if the first line therapy have not been effective" 26. "What is tinea corporis and how is it treated and contracted? - Correct answer Ringworm; antifungals; contact" 27. "Which lab is low/high in hypothyroidism? - Correct answer Low T3, Low T4 High TSH" 28. "On the exam, which murmur will radiate? - Correct answer Systolic murmurs will radiate (to the axilla w/ mitral regurgitation and to the neck w/ aortic stenosis)" 29. "What treatment option is available within the first 48 hours of onset with AF - Correct answer cardioversion" 30. "What medications can reverse an anticoagulant/antiplatelet? - Correct answer Vitamin K and/or fresh frozen plasma" 31. "What are some examples of direct acting anticoagulants (DOAC) that are first line agents for non-valvular AF? 32. What are some other anticoags that can be used as an alternative aside from DOAC's and warfarin? - Correct answer Pradaxa, Xarelto, eliquis, savais Other anticoags that may be used are plavix and asa, alone or in combination may be better tolerated but won't be as effective as DOAC's or warfarin" 33. When should you hold a dose of warfarin? - Correct answer AF INR: 2.0-3.0 Synthetic/Prosthetic INR: 2.5-3.5 Hold if INR 4.01-4.99 (<4.5) and DO NOT give Vitamin K" 34. "Exam shows "Irregularly irregular rhythm with no P waves" What's the rhythm? - Correct answer AF" 35. "Exam shows "ST segment elevation in leads V2 to V4" or "tombstoning" What's the rhythm? - Correct answer Anterior wall MI or anterior STEMI Most common type of MI" 36. "Exam shows "Jagged irregular QRS" What's the rhythm? - Correct answer V-tach" 37. "Exam shows "Normal P waves but PP interval increases and decreases during inspiration and exhalation" What's the rhythm? - Correct answer Sinus Arrhythmia" 38. "What is pulsus paradoxus? - Correct answer Defined as a fall in systolic BP of more than 10 mmHG during the inspiratory phase" 39. "How long does warfarin take for a full anticoagulation effect? - Correct answer 3 days" 40. "What are some lifestyle modifications for those with AF and/or atrial flutter? - Correct answer Avoid stimulants such as caffeine, nicotine and decongestants) and alcohol" 41. "How is hypertension diagnosed? - Correct answer Hypertension can be diagnosed after two consecutive visits 1-4 weeks apart. Patient should be educated to check BP at home and keep a diary. A difference of <5 mmHg is not considered significant when comparing home diary to in office visit BP. If home blood pressure numbers differ from those in office white coat hypertension should be ruled out"