BIO 210 CHAPTER 5 EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+

1 BIO 210 CHAPTER 5 EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ epidermis Correct Answer: superficial region of skin composed of epithelial cells dermis Correct Answer: middle region of skin composed mainly of fibrous connective tissue (fibroblasts) and occasionally mast cells as well as white blood cells hypodermis Correct Answer: subcutaneous layer deep to skin composed mainly of adipose tissue, not technically part of the skin keratinocytes Correct Answer: cells in epidermis that produce fibrous protein keratin; dead at the surface and held together by desmosomes when alive melanocytes 2 Correct Answer: cells deep in epidermis that produce pigment melanin and protect nucleus of keratinocytes from UV radiation dendritic (langerhans) Correct Answer: cells in epidermis that are macrophages and help activate immune system by presenting antigens to immune system cells tactile (merkel) Correct Answer: cells in epidermis that are touch receptors and the only type of touch receptors in epidermis basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum and corneum Correct Answer: strata of epidermis from basement membrane to apical surface stratum basale Correct Answer: stratum with single row of stem cells and deepest epidermal layer, contains melanocytes stratum spinosum Correct Answer: stratum with cells and web-like system of intermediate pre keratin filaments attached to desmosomes with abundant melanin granules and dendritic (langerhan) cells 3 stratum granulosum Correct Answer: stratum with three to five cell layers of flattened cells with cytoplasm that contains granules of keratohyaline and lamellate granules keratohyaline Correct Answer: forms keratin in superficial layers of epidermis lamellate granules Correct Answer: exocytosed to form lamellate layers in interstitial spaces and a type of glycolipid stratum lucidum Correct Answer: stratum present in thick skin only and compromised of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes (thin, transparent band) stratum corneum Correct Answer: stratum with layers of dead, flat keratinized cells and interstitial spaces filled with lamellate layers cementing them together, results in most of protective features attributed to integumentary system papillary (upper) and reticular (deeper) Correct Answer: two layers of dermis 4 papillary layer Correct Answer: layer of dermis connected to epidermis and composed of areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels dermal papillae Correct Answer: located in superior region of papillary layer and contain capillary loops, meissner's corpuscles (light touch) and free nerve endings; push up overlying epidermis creating friction ridges reticular layer Correct Answer: deep layer of dermis and accounts for 80% of dermis comprised of dense irregular connective tissue (collagen for strength/resiliency and elastic for stretch/recoil) eccrine and apocrine Correct Answer: two main types of sweat glands eccrine Correct Answer: simple tubular sweat gland abundant on palms, soles and forehead and empties onto surface of skin (pore); functions in thermoregulation apocrine 5 Correct Answer: sweat glands connected to hair follicles located in axillary and anogenital area that produce sweat with fatty substances and proteins medulla, cortex and cuticle Correct Answer: three layers of hair medulla Correct Answer: central core of hair with large cells and air space cortex Correct Answer: surrounds medulla in hair with several layers of flattened cells cuticle Correct Answer: outer layer of hair with overlapping cells, provides strength and maintains structure of inner layers lunule Correct Answer: region overlying nail matrix eponychium Correct Answer: proximal nail fold or cuticle hyponychium 6 Correct Answer: region under free edge of nail chemical, biological and physical Correct Answer: three ways the skin functions for protection chemical barrier Correct Answer: low pH secretions from acid mantle, compound from sweat and sebum retard bacterial activity and melanin biological barrier Correct Answer: dendritic cells (langerhan), macrophages and DNA (dissipates heat into water molecules) physical barrier Correct Answer: mostly waterproof with limited penetration by lipid-soluble substances such as poison ivy, steroid hormones, solvents, salts of heavy metal and vitamins body temperature regulation Correct Answer: skin function of routine insensible perspiration and sensible perspirations at elevated temperatures cutaneous sensations 7 Correct Answer: skin function of merkel cells, meissner's corpuscles and pacinian corpuscles metabolic functions Correct Answer: skin function of synthesizing vitamin D and conversion of carcinogens/hormones blood reservoir Correct Answer: skin function of holding up to 5% of body's blood volume excretion Correct Answer: skin function of riding the body of nitrogenous waste and salt in sweat protection, body temperature, sensations, metabolic, blood reservoir and excretion Correct Answer: six functions of integumentary system basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma Correct Answer: three major types of skin cancer basal cell carcinoma Correct Answer: skin cancer from stratum basale cells with shiny, dome-shaped nodules and possibly ulcerated center with pearly beaded edge; lowest risk 8 squamous cell carcinoma Correct Answer: skin cancer from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum and appear as scaly, red papule; medium risk melanoma Correct Answer: skin cancer from melanocytes and presents with asymmetry, irregular border, dark color and large diameter (ABCD); highest risk dehydration and electrolyte imbalance > renal failure and circulatory shock Correct Answer: immediate threats of severe burn rule of nines Correct Answer: body is divided into regions with each accounting for 9% first degree Correct Answer: burn with epidermal damage only and heals within 2-3 days second degree Correct Answer: burn with epidermal and upper dermal damage (blisters, scarring) and heals within 3-4 weeks third degree 9 Correct Answer: burn with damage to entire thickness of skin (no pain or edema) and requires skin graft to heal bacterial infection > sepsis Correct Answer: second most important threat of severe burn