HYPERKALEMIA Normal range of serum K+ -3.5 – 5.1 mmol/dl
If it is >6.0mmol/dl or keep on persistently raising repeat the test frequently
Mild : 5 5-5 9
. .
mmol/dl
Moderate :
6 0-6 4
.
.
mmollal
kt (6 5
Severe : 6 5 OR [ECG changes 3x] i Serum
a
.
> .
+
,
CAUSES :
Transcellular shift Kt intake
Increased Pseudonyperkalemia
Reduced K+ excretion
· Decreased/no insulin · Too much hypoglycemic Hemolyzed venipuncture
·
·
AKI & CKB
(Be blockers medication
Decreased aldosterone
·
Drugs ,
·
prombocytosig
activity
·
Digoxin ·
TONS of Damanas (high plt)
Decreased RAAS activity ,
·
Acidogis Crespil · kt replacement therapy ·
high Pit high CBC
·
Drugs : ACEI , NSAIDS
metabolic)
ARBs , Kt sparing diuretics ·
Hyperosmolar State (HHS)
Addison's disease
·
Rhabdomyolysis
·
·
Tumor Lysisxd
·
Damage to RBC/hemolysis
·
Cardiopulmonary bypass
·
Hyperkalemic periodic
paralysis
Muscle weakness
Clinical features : Urine : Oliguria/anuria
· Skeletal muscle & neurons Respiratory distress
Skeletal muscles : muscle weakness Decreased cardiac contractility
Neurons : Action potential try / Reflexes tr ,
DTRS ↓ EKG
changes
·
GIT : constipation , ilevs ,
NT vt Reflexes
,
Cardiac :
·
↓CO >:
-
+BP
E KG
-es
EKG changes :
ARRHYTHMIAG (Bradycardia , HB , prolonged PR)
Mild
for
·
Skeletal muscles breathing
leaked T waves Call tented)
Diaphragm & intercostal muscle : Respiratory distress
· AKI/CKB
Prolonged PR segment
Oliguria , anuria Moderate
#of Pwave/flattened wave
Ix list
= FB) : ↑plt PWBC Prolong QRG
Thrombocytosis ,
Pseudohyperkalemia
-
·
Sample 87 elevation
· Remolysis of -
segment
Ectopic beats/escape rhythm
BUN4 Cr4 UOPV
CKD -GFRL
,
· AKI ,
, ,
Low Remin severe
= Aldosterone 4
Hyperaldesteronism
, - -
·
Progressively widening &RS
HHS >
-
Blood glucose
WH(03)
·
Sine
Acidosis >
-
ABG (PHt ,
PCO24 ,
waves
Met/Respi
U Fil
·
> CK44
Rhabdomyolysig
-
Po4
·
A
acid 4 , K+ 4 ,
systole
Uric
·
Tumor Usisxd >
-
Axis deviation
CBC
Hemolysis Blood picture ,
BBB/fascicular block
·
bilirubin 4 ↓ free haptoglobin
Unconjugated
,
↓ LDH4 ,
· ECG
If it is >6.0mmol/dl or keep on persistently raising repeat the test frequently
Mild : 5 5-5 9
. .
mmol/dl
Moderate :
6 0-6 4
.
.
mmollal
kt (6 5
Severe : 6 5 OR [ECG changes 3x] i Serum
a
.
> .
+
,
CAUSES :
Transcellular shift Kt intake
Increased Pseudonyperkalemia
Reduced K+ excretion
· Decreased/no insulin · Too much hypoglycemic Hemolyzed venipuncture
·
·
AKI & CKB
(Be blockers medication
Decreased aldosterone
·
Drugs ,
·
prombocytosig
activity
·
Digoxin ·
TONS of Damanas (high plt)
Decreased RAAS activity ,
·
Acidogis Crespil · kt replacement therapy ·
high Pit high CBC
·
Drugs : ACEI , NSAIDS
metabolic)
ARBs , Kt sparing diuretics ·
Hyperosmolar State (HHS)
Addison's disease
·
Rhabdomyolysis
·
·
Tumor Lysisxd
·
Damage to RBC/hemolysis
·
Cardiopulmonary bypass
·
Hyperkalemic periodic
paralysis
Muscle weakness
Clinical features : Urine : Oliguria/anuria
· Skeletal muscle & neurons Respiratory distress
Skeletal muscles : muscle weakness Decreased cardiac contractility
Neurons : Action potential try / Reflexes tr ,
DTRS ↓ EKG
changes
·
GIT : constipation , ilevs ,
NT vt Reflexes
,
Cardiac :
·
↓CO >:
-
+BP
E KG
-es
EKG changes :
ARRHYTHMIAG (Bradycardia , HB , prolonged PR)
Mild
for
·
Skeletal muscles breathing
leaked T waves Call tented)
Diaphragm & intercostal muscle : Respiratory distress
· AKI/CKB
Prolonged PR segment
Oliguria , anuria Moderate
#of Pwave/flattened wave
Ix list
= FB) : ↑plt PWBC Prolong QRG
Thrombocytosis ,
Pseudohyperkalemia
-
·
Sample 87 elevation
· Remolysis of -
segment
Ectopic beats/escape rhythm
BUN4 Cr4 UOPV
CKD -GFRL
,
· AKI ,
, ,
Low Remin severe
= Aldosterone 4
Hyperaldesteronism
, - -
·
Progressively widening &RS
HHS >
-
Blood glucose
WH(03)
·
Sine
Acidosis >
-
ABG (PHt ,
PCO24 ,
waves
Met/Respi
U Fil
·
> CK44
Rhabdomyolysig
-
Po4
·
A
acid 4 , K+ 4 ,
systole
Uric
·
Tumor Usisxd >
-
Axis deviation
CBC
Hemolysis Blood picture ,
BBB/fascicular block
·
bilirubin 4 ↓ free haptoglobin
Unconjugated
,
↓ LDH4 ,
· ECG
