PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI EXIT FINAL EXAMS What kind of nursing implications will come with diverticulosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
encourage 2 -3 L of fluid per day, assess stools for color, consistency, frequency, and presence, and offer high dietary roughage. What are the warning signs of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state - CORRECT ANSWER -polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia and also an elevated fever What is the glucose level in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state? - CORRECT ANSWER -above 600 How severe is the dehydration that comes with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state? - CORRECT ANSWER -it is so bad it can send you into a diabetic coma. What are the classifications of osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -type 1 is associated with early menopausal estrogen deficiency , type 2 is senile osteoporosis with calcium with calcium deficiency What kind of nursing implications come with osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
implement an exercise regimen that incorporates weight bearing exercises and instruct on adequate calcium intak e through diet or supplements How can you test hCG. hormones - CORRECT ANSWER -you can test for detection by blood test about 11 days after conceptions and about 14 days after conception by urine test. The levels will peak in the first 8 -11 weeks Explain starling's law - CORRECT ANSWER -the greater the muscle fibers are stretched, the more the heart can pump out blood more forcefully, so the CO will be increased. What is tissue plasminogen activator? - CORRECT ANSWER -it is an enzyme that catalyzes the conv ersion of plasminogen to plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown When would you use tissue plasminogen activator? - CORRECT ANSWER -for treatment of acute ischemic stroke What is cardiac tamponade? - CORRECT ANSWER -It is compression of he art muscles by excess fluid or blood within the pericardial sac What would you hear in someone who has cardiac tamponade? - CORRECT ANSWER -you would hear a friction rub Where do you want your HDL levels to be at? - CORRECT ANSWER -above 35mg/dL What is t he most abundant plasma protein? - CORRECT ANSWER -albumin What is the purpose of albumin? - CORRECT ANSWER -it helps move many small molecules through the blood When would you have decreased albumin? - CORRECT ANSWER -After weight -loss surgery, Crohn's disease, low -protein diets, sprue, whipple disease What are the 2 dysfunctions of CHF - CORRECT ANSWER -diastolic dysfunction and systolic dysfunction What is diast olic dysfunction? - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs when ventricles pump against extremely high afterload as in primary HTN What is systolic dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs when ventricles experience damage as in MI and ventricle cannot contract effectively. Th is leads to an increase in preload. What is the pathological definition of emphysema? - CORRECT ANSWER -It is breakdown of elastin and collagen fiber network of alveoli whereby alveoli enlarge or walls are destroyed. How would a person's breathing be affe cted with emphysema ? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The person would starts to hyperventilate to maintain ABGs. Cyanosis will come later in emphysema. What is the cause of Addison's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -it is a deficit of adrenocorticotropic hormones. What kind of traumas can cause hypo function of the adrenal cortex? - CORRECT ANSWER -surgical removal, infection or tumor of adrenal glands, head trauma (because it affects the pituitary) How is sodium affected in decreased function of the adrenal hormones? - CORRE CT ANSWER -increased NA excretion.
encourage 2 -3 L of fluid per day, assess stools for color, consistency, frequency, and presence, and offer high dietary roughage. What are the warning signs of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state - CORRECT ANSWER -polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia and also an elevated fever What is the glucose level in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state? - CORRECT ANSWER -above 600 How severe is the dehydration that comes with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state? - CORRECT ANSWER -it is so bad it can send you into a diabetic coma. What are the classifications of osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -type 1 is associated with early menopausal estrogen deficiency , type 2 is senile osteoporosis with calcium with calcium deficiency What kind of nursing implications come with osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
implement an exercise regimen that incorporates weight bearing exercises and instruct on adequate calcium intak e through diet or supplements How can you test hCG. hormones - CORRECT ANSWER -you can test for detection by blood test about 11 days after conceptions and about 14 days after conception by urine test. The levels will peak in the first 8 -11 weeks Explain starling's law - CORRECT ANSWER -the greater the muscle fibers are stretched, the more the heart can pump out blood more forcefully, so the CO will be increased. What is tissue plasminogen activator? - CORRECT ANSWER -it is an enzyme that catalyzes the conv ersion of plasminogen to plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown When would you use tissue plasminogen activator? - CORRECT ANSWER -for treatment of acute ischemic stroke What is cardiac tamponade? - CORRECT ANSWER -It is compression of he art muscles by excess fluid or blood within the pericardial sac What would you hear in someone who has cardiac tamponade? - CORRECT ANSWER -you would hear a friction rub Where do you want your HDL levels to be at? - CORRECT ANSWER -above 35mg/dL What is t he most abundant plasma protein? - CORRECT ANSWER -albumin What is the purpose of albumin? - CORRECT ANSWER -it helps move many small molecules through the blood When would you have decreased albumin? - CORRECT ANSWER -After weight -loss surgery, Crohn's disease, low -protein diets, sprue, whipple disease What are the 2 dysfunctions of CHF - CORRECT ANSWER -diastolic dysfunction and systolic dysfunction What is diast olic dysfunction? - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs when ventricles pump against extremely high afterload as in primary HTN What is systolic dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs when ventricles experience damage as in MI and ventricle cannot contract effectively. Th is leads to an increase in preload. What is the pathological definition of emphysema? - CORRECT ANSWER -It is breakdown of elastin and collagen fiber network of alveoli whereby alveoli enlarge or walls are destroyed. How would a person's breathing be affe cted with emphysema ? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The person would starts to hyperventilate to maintain ABGs. Cyanosis will come later in emphysema. What is the cause of Addison's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -it is a deficit of adrenocorticotropic hormones. What kind of traumas can cause hypo function of the adrenal cortex? - CORRECT ANSWER -surgical removal, infection or tumor of adrenal glands, head trauma (because it affects the pituitary) How is sodium affected in decreased function of the adrenal hormones? - CORRE CT ANSWER -increased NA excretion.
