Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Questions and Answers Already Passed

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Questions and Answers Already Passed CAP is the ___________ infectious ds in the US and the ______________ leading cause of death. - Most deadly - 8th What normally prevents the development of lower respiratory tract infections following aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions containing bacteria or inhalation of infected aerosols? Pulmonary defense mechanisms (cough reflex, mucociliary clearance system, immune responses) CAP occurs when _________________ . There is a defect in 1 or more of the normal defense mechanisms (cough reflex, mucociliary clearance system, immune responses) or when a large infectious inoculum or a virulent pathogen overwhelms the immune response. What bacterial pathogens cause CAP? - Streptococcus pneumoniae (most common) - Haemophilus influenzae - Moraxella catarrhalis What pathogen most commonly causes CAP in pts who are *immunocompetent*? Streptococcus pneumoniae What pathogen(s) most commonly causes CAP in pts who have *influenza*? Staph. aureus or Strept. pneumoniae What pathogen(s) most commonly cause CAP in pts w/chronic alcoholism? Klebsiella pneumoniae What pathogen(s) most commonly cause CAP in pts who have *bronchiectasis* or *cystic fibrosis*, or who have *prolonged hospitalizations*? Pseudomonas aeruginosa What pathogen(s) most commonly cause CAP in pts who have *exacerbation of chronic bronchitis*? Moraxella catarrhalis What pathogen(s) most commonly cause CAP in pts who are *elderly*, have *chronic lung ds, Sickle Cell ds, immunocompromised disorders*, or who are *alcoholics* or *diabetic*? Haemophilus influenzae What are some common *viral* causes of CAP? - Influenza virus - RSV - Adenovirus - Parainfluenza virus What are some risk factors for developing CAP? - Advanced age - Alcoholism - Tobacco use - Comorbid medical conditions (asthma or COPD) - Immunosuppression What are some S&S of CAP? - acute or subacute onset of fever - cough w/ or w/o sputum production - dyspnea