APUSH American Pageant--Unit 1 EXAM with complete verified solutions already graded A+

Christopher Columbus "Discoverer of the New World" Landed in the Carribean (Bahamas) Treated natives brutally Columbian Exchange The transportation of animals, plants, and diseases to and from the Americas, starting with Columbus. Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:00 Full screen Conquistadors Spanish soldiers/explorers who traveled to the Americas, mostly searching for gold or prestige. They treated natives cruelly, but created the race of mestizos by marrying native women. Pope's Rebellion/Pueblo Revolt 1680: Pueblo Indians revolt against and kill Spanish settlers and destroy every Catholic church in the area. It takes nearly 50 years for the Spanish to regain control. Martin Luther Leader of the Protestant rebellion against the Catholic Church. Protestantism leads to the formation of many branches, including Calvinism. John Calvin Founder of the Calvinist religion, a Puritan religion that teaches predestination and requires its followers to lead strictly regulated lives. Predestination A principle of Calvinism: 1. God has already chosen who will enter heaven. 2. Nevertheless, to enter heaven, one has to lead a pious life. Sir Walter Raleigh Founder of Roanoke Colony. Upon returning to the colony, Raleigh found no trace of the settlement. Roanoke A colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh on an island off the coast of Virginia. The colony disappeared mysteriously. Powhatan Indian chieftan and father of Pocahontas. He kidnapped John Smith and subjected him to a fake execution as a show of power. Powhatan Confederacy Several dozen small trides led by Powhatan. Although relations with the colonists were initially peaceful, they soon gave way to the Anglo-Powhatan Wars. Mercantilism The philosophy of the European countries during the time of colonization: wealth = power. It also dictates that it is the duty of the colonies to sustain the mother country with their national resources. The Glorious/Bloodless Revolution Catholic King James II of England is dethroned and Protestant William III and his wife Mary II come to power. The Virginia Company of London A joint-stock company that first settled the New World for the English (Jamestown Colony). Captain John Smith After being kidnapped by the Powhatan Indians, he saved the Jamestown Colony from starvation with strict rule. "He who shall not work shall not eat." Jamestown Colony Established in 1607, the first permanent English settlement in Virginia. The Starving Time Forced starvation initiated by the Powhatan Indians to remove the colonists from Virginia. The colonists depended on trade with the natives to supply them with food. John Rolf A colonist at Jamestown remembered for marrying Pocahontas and pioneering the tobacco industry. House of Burgesses A form of representative self-government authorized by the Virginia Company in Jamestown but opposed by James I. Pocahontas Daughter of Indian chief Powhatan. She married John Rolf and helped improve relations between colonists and Indians. Sir William Berkeley A governor of Virginia. Bacon's rebellion was in response to the governor's friendly policies with Indians. Headright System A system that helped encourage colonization. Those who paid the passage of an indentured servant were granted large amounts of land. Indentured Servants Poor white workers who worked for the Virginia Company through landowners in return for paid passage to the new world. Many of these were farmers forced off their land by the Enclosure Movement. Bacon's Rebellion Led by Nathaniel Bacon. Frontiersmen angry about Berkeley's policies towards Indians attacked the Indians. After Bacon died suddenly, Berkeley hung many of the rebels. Lord Baltimore The founder of Maryland, which was a refuge for Catholics. William Bradford Governor of Plymouth colony. He was afraid of non-Puritans corrupting his Puritan colony. "A City on a Hill" A quote from one of John Winthrop's sermons. It describes how the Massachusetts Bay Colony will be a model "holy society." Pilgrims/Separatists Puritans who wanted to separate from the corrupt Church of England. Puritans Calvinists who disagreed with the policies of the Church of England. Massachusetts Bay Colony A colony founded by Puritans. The government was controlled by the clergy. Mayflower Compact A document setting the precedent for other written constitutions. It was written by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower, agreeing to submit to the will of the majority. John Winthrop Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Although he was well-educated and beneficial to the colony, he distrusted non-Puritans. Freemen White Puritan males who could vote. Anne Hutchinson Expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for preaching antinomianism. She eventually settled in the tolerant Rhode Island Colony. Antinomianism Heresy Anti-predestination: A holy life does not mean salvation; the truly saved need not follow law of either God or man. Reverend Thomas Hooker A reverend who led a group of Puritans into the Hartford area. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut A modern constitution of sorts. It established a democratic government controlled by eligible citizens. Roger Williams An extreme separatist who challenged the right of the leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony to regulate religion. He escaped from exile to England and founded the tolerant Rhode Island Colony. Pequot War Led by chief Massasoit, the Pequot Indians (who celebrated the first Thanksgiving with the colonists) fought the Indians. The colonists won. King Philip's War The Wampanoag Indians, led by Metacom or King Philip, attacked and often destroyed many Puritan towns. The colonists managed to fight them off. Cotton Mather Chief judge during the Salem Witch Trials. John Locke A political theorist who proposed a feudal government for Carolina that was never established. He also decided that we are born with no knowledge and all knowledge is gained through the senses. Act of Toleration Guaranteed tolerance to all Christians, but sentenced all non-Christians to death in Maryland.