APUSH American Pageant Chapters 1-5 EXAM with complete verified solutions already graded A+

Protestant Reformation Movement to reform the Catholic Church launched in Germany. Reformers questioned the authority of the Pope, sought to eliminate the selling of indulgences and encouraged the translation of the bible. Launched in England when Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church. Roanoke Island Sir Walter Raleigh's failed colonial settlement off the coast of North Carolina. Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:00 Full screen Spanish Armada Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. The defeat marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire. Primogeniture Legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land. Landowner's younger sons, forced to seek their fortunes elsewhere, pioneered early exploration and settlement of the Americas. Joint-Stock Company Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early ventures Charter Legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations. Jamestown (1607) First permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia Company. First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614) Series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English settlers in Virginia. English colonists torched and pillaged Indian villages, applying tactics used in England's campaigns against the Irish Second Anglo-Powhatan War () Last-ditch effort by the Indians to dislodge Virginia Settlements. The resulting peace treaty formally separated white and Indian areas of settlement. Act of Toleration (1649) Passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. Ensured that Maryland would continue to attract a high proportion of Catholic migrants throughout the colonial period. Barbados Slave Code (1661) First formal statute governing the treatment of slaves, which provided for harsh punishments against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters. Squatters Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement. Tuscarora War () Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina. After the Tuscaroras were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward. Yamasee Indians Defeated by the south Carolinians in the war of . The defeat devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the southern colonies. Buffer A territory between two antagonistic powers, intended to minimize the possibility of conflict between them. Georgia was this type of colony between British and Spanish territory. Iroquois Confederacy Bound together five tribes - the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas - in the Mohawk Valley of what is now New York. King Henry VIII Broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s Queen Elizabeth I Protestant queen. When she ascended the throne, Protestantism became dominant in England and tension with Catholic Spain increased. Saw colonies in America as an outlet for Catholics. Sir Francis Drake Pirated treasure from Spanish ships and gave it to Queen Elizabeth, who knighted him, defying Spanish protests. Sir Walter Raleigh Organized an expedition that first landed on North Carolina's Roanoke Island. Captain John Smith Established the fist permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown. Lord de la Warr Imposed a harsh military regime at Jamestown and undertook aggressive military action against the Indians. John Rolfe Responsible for the first successful cultivation of tobacco in the colony of Virginia, husband of Pocahontas. Lord Baltimore Founded Maryland for profit and for a safe haven for persecuted Catholics. Adena Pre-Columbian Native American culture in Ohio, Indianna, West Virginia, Kentucky, New York and Pennsylvania. Hopewell Ancient American civilization that arose in Ohio and other parts of eastern North America. Mississippian A mound-building Native American culture that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern and Southeastern U.S. Iroquois Native Americans that lived in longhouses is what is now central and upstate New York. Mayas Intellectually advanced in civilization in what is now Southern Mexico. Conquered by the Spanish. Incas Largest empire in Pre-Columbian America, had lots of gold, conquered by Fransisco Pizarro. Aztecs Native Empire in what is now central Mexico, agricultural society, violent, lots of enemies, better understanding of astronomy and math, conquered by Cortes. Henry the Navigator Portuguese, responsible for the earl development of European exploration, started a sailing school and studied wind patterns. Nation-States A state that self identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a territorial unit. Amerigo Vespucci Italian explorer who sailed to the Americas. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Signed by Spain and Portugal, dividing the territories of the new world. Spain received a bulk of territory in the Americas, compensating Portugal with titles to lands in Africa and Asia. Magellan Lead the first voyage to make it all the way around the world. Fransisco Pizarro Conquered the Incas by capturing their leaders, the empire collapsed. Encomienda System Spanish Government's policy to give Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them. Asiento System Permission given by the Spanish government to other countries to sell slaves to Spanish colonies in the Americas. Virginia Company A pair of English joint-stock companies chartered by James I with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America. Royal Colonies Colonies where governors were appointed directly by the king. Governors ran into trouble with colonial legislatures. Puritans English protestant reformers who sought to purify the church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds. Separatists Small group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the Church of England; after initially settling in Holland, a number of English Separatists went to Plymouth Bay. Plymouth (1620) Colony founded by a group of Separatists and Anglicans. Most citizens were fleeing religious persecution, and legal systems became closely tied to their beliefs. Mayflower Compact (1620) Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower. Created a foundation for self-government in the colony. William Bradford Man who was elected to be governor of the Plymouth Colony 30 times. Miles Standish Military leader and native n