C224 Objective Assessment

C224 Objective Assessment What is the purpose of evidence in research? Support Theories What is the primary objective of education research that studies a phenomenon of which little is known? To understand What is a variable in educational research? A measurable characteristic Which type of qualitative data analysis places a high priority on being true to, respecting, and capturing the details of individual situations? Unique Case Orientation On which principle do mixed methods researchers base their design and research? Pragmatism When designing a mixed methods study, which two factors must a researcher consider when combining qualitative and quantitative approaches? Sample Relationship and Time Order What belief did John Dewey hold that influenced action researchers? What works in one school will automatically work in another. Which two types of calculations are descriptive statistics designed to interpret? Averages and Measures of Spread How does a statement of purpose differ from a research question in a quantitative study? The purpose statement describes the type of relationship between variables while the research question asks if a specific relationship exists between variables. What is the name of the process where one determines the truth of a conclusion by determining the truth of the underlying premises? Deductive Reasoning What type of statistics allows quantitative researchers to draw conclusions about populations? Inferential To obtain results that are defensible and trustworthy, what should action researchers do? Gather and keep track of evidence of successful and effective interventions What is the emphasis of action science (AS), a form of action research? Organizations Which research activity is occurring when a researcher assigns numerical scores to achievement tests by adding up the total number of correct answers? Measurement An action researcher designs a study that has weak internal validity. What might the researcher do to help strengthen the research? Use mixed methods to align both the strengths and limitations of each approach Case Study Holistic narrative that triangulates data and places study into a meaningful context Narrative Inquiry Account that includes patterns, connections, and insights uncovered Ethnography Extensive description of physical and social settings aimed at holistic understanding Phenomenology Rich narrative that lets readers experience phenomenon through eyes of participants Grounded Theory Methodological description followed by proposed theory built during the study What are two steps of hypothesis testing? State the null and alternative hypotheses; obtain the probability value. What are two primary purposes of a literature review? Determine whether a problem has already been researched; Point out methodological problems associated with a research question Basic Research generates fundamental knowledge and theoretical understanding about primary human functions and other natural processes, such as language acquistition; experimental and lab controlled Applied Research answers real-world, practical questions to provide relatively immediate solutions Evaluation Research determines how well social or educational programs work in real-world settings, and any possible improvements (Formative and summative) Action Research Addresses and solves specific problems which local practitioners face in their schools and communities, conducting research directly in their classroom, etc. Orientational Research collection information for advancing specific ideological, political position to improve society Epistemology Studying knowledge itself Empiricism All knowledge comes from experience Reasoning idea that reason is the primary source of knowledge; aka rationalism Deductive Reasoning process of drawing a conclusion that is essentially true if the underlying premises are true Inductive Reasoning Observing many specific instances and drawing a general conclusion Problem of Induction The future might not resemble the past. Science An approach to the generation of knowledge holding empirical data in high regard and follows certain norms and practices because of their usefulness Ontology Researcher's understanding of truth and reality