BIO 112 LAB EXAM 1 TAMU LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+

BIO 112 LAB EXAM 1 TAMU LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+ population All organisms of the same group or species that inhabit the same area and can interbreed genetics The study of how the characteristics of one generation are passed on to the next genetic structure Distribution of genotype frequencies within a population evolution The change in heritable characteristics of a population over generations selection The process whereby a genotype increases or decreases in frequency because it confers a benefit or a detriment to the organism, which results in differential survival. genes Consist of a specific DNA sequence the encodes the synthesis of a product (usually a protein) allele Different forms of a gene genotype The genetic make-up of an organism (i.e., AA or aa) phenotype The physical trait, appearance, or other characteristic of an organism as a result of genotype and the environment (i.e. black or red) What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? HWE is observed when a population's allelic and genotypic frequencies do NOT change. In other words, there is no evolutionary force acting on the population What are the assumption of HWE? No Selection, No Gene flow, Random mating, Infinite population size, No mutation Is it really possible for a population to be in HWE? no Why is Hardy-Weinberg used in population genetics? It is used as a null model, or, in other words, as a point of comparison. By comparing real populations to HW, we can determine if they are evolving (and generally, at what rate) What are the five evolutionary processes? mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection, and sexual selection Classify each of the five evolutionary processes as random or non-random. Random: Mutation, Genetic Drift, (Gene Flow) Non-Random: Natural and Sexual Selection, (Gene Flow) Individuals that reproduce poorly in a population tend to emigrate the next year. In this scenario, is gene flow random or non-random? This would imply that individuals with specific genotypes are emigrating. Thus, this is a NON RANDOM example