Psychology 101 Latest 2024 Rated A+

Psychology 101 Latest 2024 Rated A+ Biological Evolution Changes that take place in the genetic and physical characteristics of a population or group of people Adaptive Significance The effectiveness of behaviour in aiding organisms to adjust to changing environmental conditions ultimate causes Evolutionary conditions that have slowly shaped the behaviour of a species over generations Proximate causes immediate environmental events and conditions that affect behaviour Evolutionary psychology the branch of psychology that studies the ways in which an organism's evolutionary history contributes to the development of behavioural patterns and cognitive strategies related to reproduction and survival during its lifetime Culture The sum of socially transmitted knowledge, customs, and behaviour patterns common to a particular group of people Artificial Selection A procedure in which animals are deliberately mated to produce offspring that possess particularly desirable characteristics Natural Selection The consequence of the fact that, because there are physical and behavioural differences among organisms, they reproduce differentially. Within a given population, some animals- the survivors - will produce more offspring than will other animals Reproductive success The number of viable offspring an individual produces relative to the number of viable offspring produced by other members of the same species Variation The differences found across individuals of any given species in terms of their genetic, biological (size, strength, physiology), and psychological (intelligence, sociability, behaviour) characteristics genotype An organism's genetic makeup phenotype The outward expression of an organism's genotype; an organism's physical appearance and behaviour competition A striving or vying with others who share the same ecological niche for food, mate, and territory Bipedalism The ability to move about the environment upright on two feet Encephalization Increases in brain size Cultural Evolution The adaptive changes of cultures in response to environmental changes over time Genetics The study of the genetic makeup