Diagnostic testing Complete blood count CBC 2024 LATEST EXAM UPDATE QUESTIONS(WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS)100% GUARANTEED SUCCESS

Purposes of diagnostic test? - Screening - Confirming diagnostic - Monitoring illness Why nurse needs to know about most common laboratory and diagnostic tests? - To teach clients how to prepare for the test - Know the care followed by the test Why nurse needs to know the implication of the test result? To provide appropriate nursing care for client What information the nurse should instruct clients prior diagnostic testing? - Purpose of the diagnostic test - Procedure for the diagnostic test - Inability to eat or drink prior to the testing and the length of time he/she will need to fast - Activity restrictions before or after the test - Injection of dyes and the reaction to the dye such as warmth or flushing - Diagnostic testing equipment - The time frame of when results will be available - To ask questions of the primary health care provider Diagnostic testing phases? Pretest Intratest Post-test Pretest Focus on client preparation - Prior to radio-logic studies, ask female client if pregnancy is possible. Does it need to be postpone? - What type of sample will be needed and how will it be collected? - Prior testing, does client need to stop oral intake? - Does the test need administration of dye (contrast)? inject or swallow? Restricted fluid or forced? - Medications are given or withheld? - How long is the test? - Is consent required? Intratest focus on___ What nurse needs to know? Focus on specimen collection and performing - Be aware of standard precautions and sterile technique - - Nurse provide physical and emotional support. - Nurses also ensures correct labeling, storage, transportation Post-test focus on ____ What nurses do? Focus on nursing care of the client and follow up activities and observations. - Compare previous and current test results to modify nursing intervention. - Reports results to appropriate health team members. What does National Patient Safety Goal relate to diagnostic testing? Report critical results of tests and diagnostic procedures on a timely basic. ( for a promptly treated) What are some possible nursing diagnostic related to diagnostic testing? - Anxiety or Fear related to possible diagnoses of acute or chronic illness pending conclusion of diagnostic testing - Impaired Physical Mobility related to prescribed bed rest and restricted movement of involved extremity after testing - Deficient Knowledge related to misperception received from others regarding process for test. What are some common diagnosis tests nurse needs to know? - Blood tests - Specimen collection and testing - Visualization procedures -Aspiration/ biopsy venipuncture a puncture of a vein for collection of a blood specimen it can be performed by various members of health care team. Phlebotomist the person from a laboratory perform venipuncture ordered by PCP Nurse may perform venipuncture too CBC ( complete blood count) - Specimens of venous blood collected. Is the most frequently ordered blood test. - Includes: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes count, RBC indices, leukocyte WBC, differential white cell count. Hemoglobin Measure total amt of total Hemoglobin in blood. It's the main intracellular protein of erythrocytes Contains iron and a protein (globin) in RBC that transports oxygen through the body Hematocrit Measure percentage of RBC in total blood volume also called packed cell volume (PCV) showing proportion of RBCs to the plasma hypervolemia the medical condition where there is too much fluid in the blood Hemoglobin and hematocrit increase with ___ and decrease with ____ dehydration hypervolemia RBC count is Men Women number of RBC per cubic Men: 4.6- 6.0 million/ mm3 Women: 4.0-5.0 million/ mm3 Low RBC count indicates anemia Client with chronic hypoxia may develop ___ than normal RBC count. (lower/higher) higher polycythemia condition of chronic hypoxia patient has higher RBC than normal RBC indices may be performed as a part of CBC (complete blood count) to evaluate size, weight, and hemoglobin concentration of RBC WBC count determines number of circulating WBC per cubic milliliter of whole blood WBC count high in the presence of bacterial infection WBC count low in the presence of viral infection Reasons of increasing RBC count - Primary polycythemia ( increase RBC) or polycythemia vera - Secondary polycythemia or erythrocytosis- usually caused by oxygen needed. (chronic lung disease, congenital heart defects). Reasons of decreasing RBC countterm-27 - Abnormal loss of erythrocytes - Abnormal destruction (destroy) of erythrocytes - Lack of needed hormones for erythrocyte production (erythropoiesis) - Bone marrow suppression - Lead poisoning - Thalassemia Thalassemia is a blood disorder passed down through families (inherited) in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. The disorder results in large numbers of red blood cells being destroyed, which leads to anemia. Polycythemia vera is a bone marrow disease that leads to an abnormal increase in the number of blood cells. The red blood cells are mostly affected. normal Hbg in men women Men: 13.5-18 g/dL Women: 12-15 g/dL How to know if a person has anemia? by looking at what test Hemoglobin test Hbg bellow 10.5 g/ dL Condition that increases Hgb polycythemia Condition that decreases Hgb - Blood loss - Hemolytic anemia - Bone marrow suppression - Sickle cell anemia Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary blood disorder, characterized by an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying haemoglobin molecule in red blood cells. Normal percentage of hematocrit (Hct) in men and women Men: 40-54% Women: 36-46% Cause of increasing Hct Dehydration Burns Hypovolemia