NUR 632 Walden University Exam 1 (Answered)

A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain. Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material? Selected Answer: Low concentrations of anaerobes, such as Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Staphylococci, Enterobacteria, and Bacteroides, produce abdominal pain. Which cardiac chambers have the thinnest wall and why? Selected Answer: The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood. A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Selected Answer: Ca ++: 8.2 mg/dL What is the cause of functional dysphagia? Selected Answer: Neural or muscular disorders Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selected Answer: Somatosta tin What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant? Selected Answer: Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate? Selected Answer: Glomerular filtration rate A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected Answer: Tell the student to get some normal saline instead. A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? Selected Answer: Hemosidero sis The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? Selected Answer: Prevalen ce A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior? Selected Answer: Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity. A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected Answer: No, many hormones are made from cholesterol. What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason? Selected Answer: It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Selected Answer: Alpha fetoprotein When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA? Selected Answer: Kussmaul respirations A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis? Selected Answer: Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues. If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Selected Answer: Shift to the right, causing more oxygen (O 2) to be released to the cells A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? Selected Answer: Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the of contraction. Selected Answer: Pressur e What is apoptosis? Selected Answer: Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? Selected Answer: Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information? Selected Answer: The parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone. The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? Selected Answer: Connective tissue cells A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the professional is most accurate? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone causes vasoconstriction to help increase blood pressure. What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Selected Answer: Salivation decreases. People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle?