Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - NCLEX Study Guide Rated A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - NCLEX Study Guide Rated A GERD Overview -Gerd is a common condition characterized by gastric content and enzyme leakage into the esophagus. -These corrosive fluids irritate the esophageal tissue and limit its ability to clear the esophagus. Health Promotion and Prevention of GERD -Maintain BMI below 30 -Stop smoking. -Drink alcohol in moderation. Risk Factors for GERD -Obesity -Older age -Sleep apnea Contributing Factors •Excessive ingestion of foods that relax lower esophageal sphincter (LES) -Fatty and fried foods -Chocolate -Caffeinated beverages -Alcohol •Increased abdominal pressure due to obesity, pregnancy, bending at the waist, ascites, or tight clothing •Drugs that relax the LES. -Theophylline, nitrates -Calcium channel blockers -Anticholinergics, diazepam • Medications (NSAIDs) or events (stress) that increase gastric acid •Hiatal hernia •Lying flat •Smoking Manifestations of GERD •Frequent and prolonged -Substernal heartburn (dyspepsia) Regurgitation (acid reflux) •Throat irritation -Chronic cough -Laryngitis •Hypersalivation •Eructation •Flatulence •Bitter taste in mouth •Atypical chest pain from esophageal spasm •Chronic GERD can lead to dysphagia. •GERD may mimic a heart attack due to the substernal pain that can radiate to the jaw and back. Diagnostic Procedures: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)