Criminalistics An Introduction to Forensic Science Questions and CORRECT Answers

Forensic Science - The application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law. Civil Law - the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community. Criminal Law - a system of law concerned with the punishment of those who commit crimes. Who is Mathieu Orfila? - Father of toxicology Who is Alphonse Bertillon? - recognized worldwide as the father of personal identification; he developed anthropometry. - Developed in 1882 - Showed 11 physical measurements can categorize and identify offenders - solved murders and linked serial offenders Who is Francis Galton? - Conducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification. Who is Leone Lattes? - Developed a procedure to determine blood type from dried bloodstains. Who is Calvin Goddard? - Used a comparison microscope to determine if a particular gun fired a bullet. Who is Albert Osborn? - Developed the fundamental principles of document examination. Who is Walter McCrone? - utilized microscopy and other analytical methodologies to examine evidience. Who is Hans Gross? - Wrote the first treatise describing the application of scientific principles to the field of criminal investigation. Who is Edmond Locard? - Incorporated Gross' principles within a workable crime laboratory. What is Locard's Exchange Principle? - When a criminal comes in contact with an object or person, a cross-transfer of evidence occurs. Physical Science Unit - Incorporates the principles of chemistry, physics, and geology to identify and compare physical evidence. Biology Unit - Applies the knowledge of biological sciences in order to investigate blood samples, body fluids, hair, and fiber samples. Firearms Unit - Investigates discharged bullets, cartridge cases, shotgun shells, and ammunition. Document Unit - Provides the skills needed for handwriting analysis and other questioned-document issues. Photographic Unit - Applies specialized photographic techniques for recording and examining physical evidence. Toxicology Unit - Examines body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons.