Anatomy and Physiology Module 8 - Lymphatic System Exam Marking Scheme

Anatomy and Physiology Module 8 - Lymphatic System Exam Marking Scheme Where does lymph come from - ANSWER- Fluid that has leak out and around cells What are the lymph organs - ANSWER- Tonsils, adenoids, thymus and spleen Where does fluid enter the lymph system - ANSWER- lymphatic capillaries and vessels What does it move to after the lymph capillaries - ANSWER- lymph channels Why does lymph move - ANSWER- contractions of large skeletal muscles What ensures a unidirectional movement of lymph - ANSWER- A series of valves helps to ensure a unidirectional movement of lymph How does the lymph enter the lymph node - ANSWER- Lymph enters through an afferent lymph vessel What are lymph nodes - ANSWER- Pockets that have a high concentration of lymphocytes that function to filter harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses from lymph before its returned to the blood stream. What are four things that can be destroyed by lymph nodes - ANSWER- Bacteria, viruses, infectious agent, cancer cells What is lymphadenitis - ANSWER- Inflammation of the lymph nodes How does the lymph exit the lymph node - ANSWER- Efferent vessels Is there one or many lymph nodes - ANSWER- Many Where will cancer cells collect if they break off a tumor - ANSWER- If cancer cells break off of a tumor they will collect in the the lymph nodes in the process of spreading throughout the body What direction does lymph generally move - ANSWER- cephalad What does "cephalad" mean - ANSWER- towards the head What portion of the body drains into the thoracic duct - ANSWER- Everything expect the right and right side of the head and thorax superior to the diaphragm What portion of the body drains into the lymphatic duct - ANSWER- The right arm and right side of the head and thorax superior to the diaphragm Where does lymph from the thoracic duct enter the blood stream - ANSWER- left subclavian vein Where does lymph from the lymphatic duct enter the blood stream - ANSWER- right subclavian vein What happens when a lymph channel is blocked - ANSWER- Fluid will accumulate Where will fluid accumulate in the case of blockage - ANSWER- Anywhere on the distal end of a lymphatic chain of vessels, most notably in the extremities What is one disease that can lead to lymphedema - ANSWER- Lymphatic filariasis, which is a parasitic nematode (or roundworm) will block the lymph channels