AS Psychology Notes
Psychopathology
Amy Hannam
,Definitions of bnonoaliti:
bnonoaliti: – behaviour that comes across as being unusual.
T pe Definition Evituition
Lili:itions S:aeng:hs
STbTISTICbL In statistical term human behaviour is The cut of points are rather arbitrary. Help deine cut
INFREQUENCY abnormal if it falls outside the range of points of
that is typical for most people. Things It ignores desirability of behaviour (High IQ diagnosis.
such as height, weight and intelligence (130+) is actually considered desirable)
fall within fairly broad areas. Facts and
Some disorders, for example depression, are igures help to
statistically very frequuent but still classiied gain funding
as abnormal. for potential
projects aimed
at
Cultural and historical relativism- what is
abnormalities.
statistically frequuent and acceptable.
DEVIbTION Social norms are accepted ways of Eccentric behaviours, are not necessarily Takes into
FROM SOCIbL behaving within a society. They are abnormal. consideration
NORMS the unwritten rules that members of a the desirability
society regard as being normal and of the
Criminal behaviours, such as commitng
acceptable, and any deviation from behaviour
fraud, are not necessarily indicative of
them can be regarded as abnormal relative to the
psychological abnormality.
behaviour. culture.
Behaviours need to be considered in context
Relevant to
before they can be considered abnormal.
diagnosis for
mental health.
Social norms vary with time.
Labelling violations of social norms as
abnormal is open to abuse.
Diferent cultures behave in diferent ways in
the same situation.
FbILURE TO Rosenhan & Seligman (1989) Behaviour must be considered in context Has a
FUNCTION suggested that The fewer abnormal before it can be judged as failure to function functionality
bDEQUbTELY features a person displays, then the adequuately. scale to assess
more normal they can be considered. it clearly.
This means that that someone Failing to function adequuately may be due to
considered ‘abnormal’ they may not
situational pressures rather than
be able to adapt to life healthily, may
psychological abnormality.
be experiencing personal distress,
may show irrational or unpredictable
behaviour, or onlookers may be People with psychological disorders may well
uncomfortable when observing their be able to function adequuately.
behaviour.
DEVIbTION According to Jahoda (1958) assumes Self-actualisation is a theoretically ideal Covers all
FROM IDEbL that the absence of normality concept that very few people are actually reasons why
MENTbL HbLTH indicates normality therefore the lack able to achieve. someone will
of these factos indicates abnormality. be normal.
Being resistant to stress and not sufering
1) Positive view of self Considers the
from its consequuences is an. al state of
2) Personal Growth and development mental health, however stress can actually whole person
3) Autonomy be beneicial in some circumstances. rather than a
4) Accurate view of reality speciic aspect.
5) Positive relationship Non-western or collectivist cultures value the
6) Master of own environment- adapt success of a community rather than the
to changing circumstances. individuals within it, yet they are not lacking
in ideal mental health because of this
, The DSM S s:el
The DSM stands for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder and is published
by the bleaicin Ps chii:aic bssociitionn
It is a system for ctissif ing and diignosing mental health problems.
The DSM is updated every so ofen as ideas about abnormality are constantly changing.
The current version is the ifh version (2013), and so its commonly referred to as DSM-5.
DSM-5 CbTEGORIES
PHOBIb 3 Categories:
Specific Phonoii of an object
Sociit bnxie: (sociit phonoii) of a social situation
bgoaiphonoii of being outside or in a public place
DEPRESSIO 4 Categories:
N Mijoa depaessive disoadea severe but ofen short-term
depression
Peasis:en: depaessive disoadea long-term or recurring
depression, including sustained major depression and
what used to be called dysthymia
Disauptive lood d saegutition disoadea childhood
temper tantrums
Paelens:auit d sphoaic disoadea disruption to mood
prior to and/or during menstruation
OCD 4 Categories:
OCD characterised by obsessions and/or compulsions
Taichotittolinii compulsive hair pulling
Hoiading disoadea compulsive gathering of possessions
and the inability to part with anything, regardless of its
value
Excoaiition disoadea compulsive skin picking
Psychopathology
Amy Hannam
,Definitions of bnonoaliti:
bnonoaliti: – behaviour that comes across as being unusual.
T pe Definition Evituition
Lili:itions S:aeng:hs
STbTISTICbL In statistical term human behaviour is The cut of points are rather arbitrary. Help deine cut
INFREQUENCY abnormal if it falls outside the range of points of
that is typical for most people. Things It ignores desirability of behaviour (High IQ diagnosis.
such as height, weight and intelligence (130+) is actually considered desirable)
fall within fairly broad areas. Facts and
Some disorders, for example depression, are igures help to
statistically very frequuent but still classiied gain funding
as abnormal. for potential
projects aimed
at
Cultural and historical relativism- what is
abnormalities.
statistically frequuent and acceptable.
DEVIbTION Social norms are accepted ways of Eccentric behaviours, are not necessarily Takes into
FROM SOCIbL behaving within a society. They are abnormal. consideration
NORMS the unwritten rules that members of a the desirability
society regard as being normal and of the
Criminal behaviours, such as commitng
acceptable, and any deviation from behaviour
fraud, are not necessarily indicative of
them can be regarded as abnormal relative to the
psychological abnormality.
behaviour. culture.
Behaviours need to be considered in context
Relevant to
before they can be considered abnormal.
diagnosis for
mental health.
Social norms vary with time.
Labelling violations of social norms as
abnormal is open to abuse.
Diferent cultures behave in diferent ways in
the same situation.
FbILURE TO Rosenhan & Seligman (1989) Behaviour must be considered in context Has a
FUNCTION suggested that The fewer abnormal before it can be judged as failure to function functionality
bDEQUbTELY features a person displays, then the adequuately. scale to assess
more normal they can be considered. it clearly.
This means that that someone Failing to function adequuately may be due to
considered ‘abnormal’ they may not
situational pressures rather than
be able to adapt to life healthily, may
psychological abnormality.
be experiencing personal distress,
may show irrational or unpredictable
behaviour, or onlookers may be People with psychological disorders may well
uncomfortable when observing their be able to function adequuately.
behaviour.
DEVIbTION According to Jahoda (1958) assumes Self-actualisation is a theoretically ideal Covers all
FROM IDEbL that the absence of normality concept that very few people are actually reasons why
MENTbL HbLTH indicates normality therefore the lack able to achieve. someone will
of these factos indicates abnormality. be normal.
Being resistant to stress and not sufering
1) Positive view of self Considers the
from its consequuences is an. al state of
2) Personal Growth and development mental health, however stress can actually whole person
3) Autonomy be beneicial in some circumstances. rather than a
4) Accurate view of reality speciic aspect.
5) Positive relationship Non-western or collectivist cultures value the
6) Master of own environment- adapt success of a community rather than the
to changing circumstances. individuals within it, yet they are not lacking
in ideal mental health because of this
, The DSM S s:el
The DSM stands for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder and is published
by the bleaicin Ps chii:aic bssociitionn
It is a system for ctissif ing and diignosing mental health problems.
The DSM is updated every so ofen as ideas about abnormality are constantly changing.
The current version is the ifh version (2013), and so its commonly referred to as DSM-5.
DSM-5 CbTEGORIES
PHOBIb 3 Categories:
Specific Phonoii of an object
Sociit bnxie: (sociit phonoii) of a social situation
bgoaiphonoii of being outside or in a public place
DEPRESSIO 4 Categories:
N Mijoa depaessive disoadea severe but ofen short-term
depression
Peasis:en: depaessive disoadea long-term or recurring
depression, including sustained major depression and
what used to be called dysthymia
Disauptive lood d saegutition disoadea childhood
temper tantrums
Paelens:auit d sphoaic disoadea disruption to mood
prior to and/or during menstruation
OCD 4 Categories:
OCD characterised by obsessions and/or compulsions
Taichotittolinii compulsive hair pulling
Hoiading disoadea compulsive gathering of possessions
and the inability to part with anything, regardless of its
value
Excoaiition disoadea compulsive skin picking
