Did Augustus restore the Republic? - approx. 2000 words
Bibliography:
Primary sources:
Cassius Dio, Roman History, Books 51-55
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html Accessed 17 November 2022
Suetonius, Life of Augustus, The Twelve Caesars
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Augustus*.html Accessed 15
November 2022
Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome 1.2-2.2
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Tacitus/Annals/1A*.html Accessed 18 November 2022
Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, Loeb Classical Library, Book II, 89-91
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/velleius_paterculus/2c*.html Accessed 20 November 2022
Secondary sources:
Brown, Z. (2016) “Res Publica Restituta? Republic and Princeps in the Early Roman
Empire.” Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History 6, no. 2.
Cooley, A. (2010), ed., Res Gestae Divi Augusti, Cambridge.
Cooley, A.E. (2019), ‘From the Augustan principate to the invention of the age of Augustus’, JRS 109, 71–87.
Eck, W. (2003), The Age of Augustus, Oxford. Edmonson, J. (2009), ed., Augustus New York.
Ferrary, J.-L. (2009), ‘The powers of Augustus’, in J. Edmondson (ed.), Augustus, New York, 90–136.
Galinsky, K. (2005), ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus, Cambridge.
Galinsky, K. (2012), Augustus: Introduction to the Life of an Emperor, New York.
Gruen, E.S. (2005), ‘Augustus and the making of the Principate’, in K.Galinsky (ed.), The Cambridge Companion
to the Age of Augustus, Cambridge, 33–52.
G. M Paul, Roman Coins and Public Life under the Empire: E. Togo Salmon Papers II (Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press, 1999), 28.
Levick, B.M. (2010), Augustus: Image and Substance, Harlow.
Levick, B.M (1985), The Government of the Roman Empire
Millar, F.G.B. (1973), ‘Triumvirate and principate’, JRS 63, 50–67.
Serrao (1953) (n. 1) 40. Ehrenberg “Imperium maius in the Roman Republic” American Journal of Philology 74,
113-136
Sherk, R.K. (1988), ed., The Roman Empire: Augustus to Hadrian, Cambridge.
Shotter, D.C.A. (1991), Augustus Caesar, London.
Tuori, K. (2014) Augustus, Legislative Power and the power of appearances, University of Helsinki
Turpin, W. (1994). Res Gestae 34.1 and the Settlement of 27 B. C. The Classical Quarterly, 44(2), 427–437.
Wallace-Hadrill, A. (1982), ‘Civilis princeps: between citizen and king’, JRS 72, 32–48.
Zanker, P. 1990 The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Trans. Shapiro, A. University of Michigan Press.
Restored the republic = gave power back to the senate and the people of Rome
Whilst populist rhetoric and ‘pacification through victories’ was the basis of Augustan
power, it required co-opting and reforming the old Republican regime.
Augustus produced material that shows us he restored the republic
- Res Gestae verse 5, 6 and 34 → ‘I transferred the Republic from my power to that of
the senate and people of Rome’ + ‘After that time I took precedence of all in rank, but
of power I possessed no more than those were my colleagues in any magistracy’
However this is massively contrasted in Suetonius’ point of view → written under the
Emperor Hadrian (much later on)
● He was able to write more freely and he completely goes against this idea
Bibliography:
Primary sources:
Cassius Dio, Roman History, Books 51-55
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html Accessed 17 November 2022
Suetonius, Life of Augustus, The Twelve Caesars
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Augustus*.html Accessed 15
November 2022
Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome 1.2-2.2
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Tacitus/Annals/1A*.html Accessed 18 November 2022
Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, Loeb Classical Library, Book II, 89-91
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/velleius_paterculus/2c*.html Accessed 20 November 2022
Secondary sources:
Brown, Z. (2016) “Res Publica Restituta? Republic and Princeps in the Early Roman
Empire.” Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History 6, no. 2.
Cooley, A. (2010), ed., Res Gestae Divi Augusti, Cambridge.
Cooley, A.E. (2019), ‘From the Augustan principate to the invention of the age of Augustus’, JRS 109, 71–87.
Eck, W. (2003), The Age of Augustus, Oxford. Edmonson, J. (2009), ed., Augustus New York.
Ferrary, J.-L. (2009), ‘The powers of Augustus’, in J. Edmondson (ed.), Augustus, New York, 90–136.
Galinsky, K. (2005), ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus, Cambridge.
Galinsky, K. (2012), Augustus: Introduction to the Life of an Emperor, New York.
Gruen, E.S. (2005), ‘Augustus and the making of the Principate’, in K.Galinsky (ed.), The Cambridge Companion
to the Age of Augustus, Cambridge, 33–52.
G. M Paul, Roman Coins and Public Life under the Empire: E. Togo Salmon Papers II (Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press, 1999), 28.
Levick, B.M. (2010), Augustus: Image and Substance, Harlow.
Levick, B.M (1985), The Government of the Roman Empire
Millar, F.G.B. (1973), ‘Triumvirate and principate’, JRS 63, 50–67.
Serrao (1953) (n. 1) 40. Ehrenberg “Imperium maius in the Roman Republic” American Journal of Philology 74,
113-136
Sherk, R.K. (1988), ed., The Roman Empire: Augustus to Hadrian, Cambridge.
Shotter, D.C.A. (1991), Augustus Caesar, London.
Tuori, K. (2014) Augustus, Legislative Power and the power of appearances, University of Helsinki
Turpin, W. (1994). Res Gestae 34.1 and the Settlement of 27 B. C. The Classical Quarterly, 44(2), 427–437.
Wallace-Hadrill, A. (1982), ‘Civilis princeps: between citizen and king’, JRS 72, 32–48.
Zanker, P. 1990 The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Trans. Shapiro, A. University of Michigan Press.
Restored the republic = gave power back to the senate and the people of Rome
Whilst populist rhetoric and ‘pacification through victories’ was the basis of Augustan
power, it required co-opting and reforming the old Republican regime.
Augustus produced material that shows us he restored the republic
- Res Gestae verse 5, 6 and 34 → ‘I transferred the Republic from my power to that of
the senate and people of Rome’ + ‘After that time I took precedence of all in rank, but
of power I possessed no more than those were my colleagues in any magistracy’
However this is massively contrasted in Suetonius’ point of view → written under the
Emperor Hadrian (much later on)
● He was able to write more freely and he completely goes against this idea
