LUOA 9th grade Science Final Exam 2023 Actual Questions and Answers Solved Correctly

LUOA 9th grade Science Final Exam 2023 Actual Questions and Answers Solved Correctly Most powerful substance to hold heat in atmosphere Water vapor How does carbon get into the atmosphere? Atmospheric carbon dioxide comes from two primary sources—natural and human activities. Natural sources of carbon dioxide include most animals, which exhale carbon dioxide as a waste product. Human activities that lead to carbon dioxide emissions come primarily from energy production, including burning coal, oil, or natural gas. Different types of greenhouse gases There are several different types of greenhouse gases. The major ones are carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide. Definition of radiation, convection, conduction Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact. Convection is the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of a liquid or gas. Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy through thermal emission. How greenhouse gases work Solar energy absorbed at Earth's surface is radiated back into the atmosphere as heat. As the heat makes its way through the atmosphere and back out to space, greenhouse gases absorb much of it. Why do greenhouse gases absorb heat? Greenhouse gases are more complex than other gas molecules in the atmosphere, with a structure that can absorb heat. They radiate the heat back to the Earth's surface, to another greenhouse gas molecule, or out to space. Calculating dew point This can be expressed as a simple rule of thumb: For every 1 °C difference in the dew point and dry bulb temperatures, the relative humidity decreases by 5%, starting with RH = 100% when the dew point equals the dry bulb temperature. If air cools beyond its dew point and still does not condense, the air is said to be ______________ Supersaturated Water collects on dust, ash, salt, nitrate, etc. When water collects on these, they are known as: Condensation nuclei Latent heat is when __________, __________, and __________. (Choose 3) 1. Energy is being released 2. There is no temperature change during a phase change 3. Energy is being absorbed Difference between vaporization and boiling The following are the two prime differences: Evaporation is the process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure. Vaporization is also the phase change from liquid to gas state but above the boiling point of the liquid. Absolute humidity __________________ (select all that apply). - The amount of water vapor, by mass, in each cubic unit of air- Can be measured using several different types of mass ratios- Is also known as the vapor density Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air, compared with the maximum amount of water vapor that the air can contain at that temperature For every ________ increase in temperature, twice as much water vapor can enter the atmosphere through evaporation. 10° The water vapor can enter the atmosphere because of what five things? wind blowing over the surface of the water, increased temperature of water, decreased pressure of water, evaporation, and transpiration The maximum amount of water vapor air can contain at a particular temperature is 20 g/kg. The formula is:relative humidity = specific humidity x 100% = maximum capacity Cold air does not contain much moisture. Choose all the reasons for this. -Cold air contracts so there is no room for the moisture-Cold air is very dense- The molecules of cold air squeezed closer together What is one relationship between warm air and humidity? Warm air expands, so there is a lot of room for moisture. In order to find the relative humidity, 1st you take the __________ between the wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures. ___________ the smaller number from/to the larger number. Then find the ___________. Use the dewpoint to find the _________ humidity. difference, subtract, dewpoint, relative What is the lifted condensation level? The lifted condensation level is the point of height where the dew point is the same as the surrounding temperature. Higher clouds have more of an effect than low clouds. Where on a cloud is where the temperature has reached its dew point? on the bottom of the cloud Cloud albedo forcing ___________________. (Choose 3) cools the earth, bounces shortwave radiation back into space, can cause a change in the climate of the earth. ___________________. (Choose 3) cools the earth, bounces shortwave radiation back into space, can cause a change in the climate of the earth. Higher clouds have more of an effect than low clouds. They let _______ energy in, but do not give off a lot of heat because they are very _______ themselves. heat, cold At what temperature do clouds contain snow and ice crystals? 8 degrees Celsius - -20 degrees Celsius Cumuliform a massive, rounded form often with a flat base, billowing upwards Stratiform gray sheets that cover large areas, not distinct cloud units nimboform A nimbostratus cloud is a multi-level, gray, often dark, amorphous, nearly uniform cloud that usually produces continuous rain, snow, or sleet but no lightning or thunder. Mid-level clouds include: (Select all that apply) Lenticular Altocumulus Altostratus The high-level clouds include: (Select all that apply) Cirrus Cirrocumulus Cirrostratus The low-level clouds include: (Select all that apply) Stratocumulus Nimbostratus Stratus Advection fogs are caused by _________________________ Wind blowing warm, moist air over a cold surface Ground fog is also known as _______________________________. Radiation fog How to calculate temperature Celsius to Fahrenheit° F = 9/5 ( ° C) + 32 Fahrenheit to Celsius° C = 5/9 (° F - 32) The main forms of precipitation include all of the following except dew. Rain drops are _______________________. 10 to 1000 times bigger than cloud droplets Aggregation can begin to form which type of precipitation? snowflakes When cloud droplets merge to form larger droplets, it is called . coalescence. The wind ________________________ due to orographic lifting. (Choose 3) sinks and blows down the mountain on the leeward side- blows from the windward side of a mountain toward the leeward side- rises, condenses as it cools on the windward side Two glaciers come down different sides of the mountains. They join into one large glacier. Where the 2 glaciers meet they form a(n) ___________________. medial moraine Roche moutonnee are small ________________. "mountains" that lie in the direction of glacial flow The greatest annual rainfall is located __________________________. In the equatorial regions and on the Windward side of mountains. Very little precipitation falls in all of the following places except _______________________.