US History (A) Final Exam Prep, Complete Solution

US History (A) Final Exam Prep, Complete Solution Square Deal Theodore Roosevelt's government program of fair and equal treatment for all Monopoly Singular/complete control of a product or business by one person or group NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Challenged unfair/racist laws. JD Rockefeller owner of the Standard Oil monopoly and trust W.E.B. DuBois 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, become educated and demand their rights. Muckrakers Writers/journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public. Demanded reform. Sharecropping A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers (usually African Americans) are unable to get out of debt Tenement A run-down building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety Sherman Antitrust Act First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions Booker T. Washington Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired economic security. Susan B. Anthony social reformer who campaigned for women's suffrage, the temperance movement, and was an abolitionist. Helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association American Federation of Labor 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor Andrew Cargenie Steel Tycoon/industrialist "Push" factors Immigrants facing economic woes, starvation, political or religious persecution, etc. "Pull" factors Promise of a better future and economic opportunity in America. Religious freedom and job availability. Ellis Island An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892, where immigrants were given a medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy. Europeans entered through here. Angel Island The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. Between 1910 and 1940 50k Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. Questioning and conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York. Battle of Little Bighorn Sioux victory over army troops led by George Custer Populism/Populist Party A new political movement focused on giving the common people (like farmers and laborers) a solution to their problems and more say in their government Gilded Age 1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor The Jungle This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers and worker compensation Progressive Movement an early 20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, better workplace conditions, better education, restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life. Typically made up of middle class urban participants. Jose Marti led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain from 1895 through the Spanish-American War Imperialism a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries. Social Darwinism The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. Spheres of Influence Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe in China) Jingoism extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy used by the press Western Front