US History I Milestone 1.

US History I Milestone 1. You passed this Milestone 16 questions were answered correctly. 8 questions were answered incorrectly. 1 question was skipped. These were marked incorrect. 1 Which of the following describes North American Indians prior to European contact? RATIONALE The Aztec constructed elaborate temples in their capital city, Tenochtitlán. The Inca had no system of writing, but communicated and kept records using a system called quipu, which consisted of colored threads knotted in different ways. Unlike these major civilizations, most North American Indians lived in small, autonomous villages which lacked large-scale social organization and commercial enterprises. CONCEPT The First Settlers 2 Read the excerpt written by the governor of the Virginia Colony in its early years: “Then haveinge fedd uponn horses and other beastes as long as they Lasted we weare gladd to make shifte wth vermine as doggs Catts Ratts and myce All was fishe thatt came to Nett to satisfye Crewell hunger as to eate Bootes shoes or any other leather some colde Come by And those being Spente and devoured some weare inforced to searche the woodes and to feede upon Serpents and snakes and to digge the earthe for wylde and unknowne Rootes where many of our men weare Cutt off of and slayne by the Salvages.” Considering possible author bias, select the statement that most likely identifies the author’s purpose. RATIONALE When reading primary sources, historians rely on the five Ws (including questions of who, what, when, where, and why/for what purpose) to think about them critically. Since this is a document written by the governor of the Virginia Colony in its early years, and it describes terrible conditions and hostile natives during the "starving time," the author is probably not trying to attract new settlers or address Native Americans. As this account matches what you learned about the "starving time," it is most likely a straightforward account of events that took place. CONCEPT Analyzing Primary Sources Think About It: How Did the Experience of the English Settlers Differ? 3 Choose two statements that reflect major features of the northern colonies. RATIONALE Because they were founded by Puritans, religion and government were closely intertwined in the northern colonies. Adherence to Puritanism was carefully monitored and enforced by the community. All members of the community were required to attend church, and town leaders, who were also religious leaders, determined who among the community were "elect," or full church members. The system of government in the northern colonies reflected the communal nature of the Puritan religion, and voting rights were extended to all male church members, no matter their economic status. CONCEPT Settling the Northern Colonies 4 Kyle traveled to Ireland to examine primary sources related to the Great Famine. Which task of a historian is Kyle performing? RATIONALE When he travels to Ireland and reads primary sources, Kyle collects facts about the Great Famine. Compiling facts about the past is one of the tasks that historians engage in when they write history. CONCEPT The Historian's Practice 5 The system of interactions among the Americas, Africa, and Europe, in which slaves and goods became commodities is known as (A) the Triangular Trade . A mercantilism the Atlantic World the Triangular Trade globalization RATIONALE The Triangular Trade is the term given to the economic relationship that developed between the Old World (Europe and Africa) and the New World (the Americas) in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Triangular Trade contributed to the emergence of an Atlantic World, in which economic, cultural, and intellectual relationships linked the hemispheres. CONCEPT The Atlantic World 6 Spanish colonization projects in the New World in the 16th century were best characterized by all of the following EXCEPT . RATIONALE In colonizing the New World in the 16th century, the Spanish were motivated by a desire for wealth and national glory and a desire to convert native peoples to Catholicism. The exploits of Spanish conquistadores such as Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro were characterized by the violent overthrow of native emperors and a disregard for native life. The Spanish did not compete for influence in the New World in the 16th century with England. CONCEPT Spanish Contact 7 Motivations for maritime exploration included all of the following, EXCEPT . RATIONALE Early explorers, most notably the Portuguese and Spanish, engaged in maritime exploration for religion (i.e., spreading Catholicism), power (i.e., imperial competition), and profit (i.e., improving access to valuable goods by finding faster water routes to connect Europe and the East by way of Africa and the Atlantic). These motivations also applied to the voyages of Christopher Columbus, which were not commissioned for scientific purposes. CONCEPT Maritime Exploration 8 The establishment of the (A) Massachusetts Bay Colony was driven by religious faith and stable families who wanted an independent existence. A M assachusetts Bay Jamestown Pennsylvania Maryland RATIONALE The Massachusetts Bay Colony was established by Puritans who left England in the 1630s in large family groups under the leadership of governor John Winthrop. These Puritans and many thousands more left their English homes not to establish a land of religious freedom but to practice their own form of Protestantism without persecution. CONCEPT The English Colonial Experiment: Virginia and Massachusetts 9 Read these excerpts from The History and Present State of Virginia, published in 1705: Slaves are the Negroes, and their Posterity, following the condition of the Mother, according to the Maxim, partus sequitur ventrem [status follows the womb]. . . . Servants, are those which serve only for a few years, according to the time of their Indenture, or the Custom of the Country. An analysis of these excerpts reveals the distinctions made between slaves and servants in southern colonial society. Choose the statement that best explains this distinction. RATIONALE Recall that by the end of the 17th century, a system of slavery based on the enslavement of blacks became increasingly central to the southern colonies and replaced indentured servitude as the primary form of labor. The phrases "Slaves are the Negroes, and their Posterity, following the condition of the Mother" and "Servants, are those which serve only for a few years, according to the time of their Indenture" tell us that by the early 1700s, slavery was an inheritable condition reserved for this of African descent, while servants, who were white, had a much shorter term of service