Exam 1: NUR265/ NUR 265 (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Advanced Concepts of Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam Review| Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct- Galen

Exam 1: NUR265/ NUR 265 (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Advanced Concepts of Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam Review| Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct- Galen What is nephrotic syndrome? - ANSWER A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - ANSWER -*Massive proteinuria* -*Hypoalbuminemia* -*Edema (facial and periorbital)* -Lipiduria -Hyperlipidemia -Increased coagulation -Reduced kidney function In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - ANSWER 3.5g in 24 hours What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - ANSWER -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based). -ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine) -statins (improve blood lipid levels). -Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function) Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - ANSWER creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25% Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - ANSWER creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50% Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - ANSWER creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix) Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - ANSWER Decreased perfusion to kidneys. -NSAIDs -Severe dehydration -Renal artery stenosis -MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output -Blood/ fluid loss Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - ANSWER Tissue damage to the actual kidneys. -Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli -Sepsis -Intrarenal bleeding -Pyelonephritis Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. - ANSWER Obstruction that occurs after the kidney. -Enlarged prostate (BPH) -Bladder Cancer -Kidney stones How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - ANSWER Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3