BIOD 151 Module 3 exam Questions & Answers 2024 A+ Review

BIOD 151 Module 3 exam Questions & Answers 2024 A+ Review Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers. Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining. Explain in detail how the stomach contents enter the small intestine The pyloric sphincter (valve), located at the base of the stomach, relaxes causing a small quantity of chyme to pass through the opening into the first part of the small intestine. This initiates a reflex that causes the muscles of the sphincter to contract and close the opening temporarily. Then the sphincter relaxes again and allows more chyme to enter. Be able to label the following: Stomach Gallbladder Jejunum (not small intestine) Appendix (not large intestine) Rectum (not large intestine A patient is experiencing vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be causing this toxicity? Explain your answer. A. Water soluble vitamin B. Fat soluble vitamin C. All of the above Fat soluble vitamins are stored within the body's fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them. Explain which digestive system functions are carried out by the large intestine. Absorption: In the large intestine water and electrolytes are reabsorbed and vitamins are absorbed. Defecation: Feces travel to the rectum where it is excreted via the anus. Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes. The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of pepsin. Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins Match the digestive organ with the one substance it produces: Large intestine stomach small intestine Vitamine K Secretin Trypsin Salivary amylase Pepsinogen Large intestine = vitamin K stomach = pepsinogen small intestine = secretin what is the purpose of the hormone leptin decrease hunger, increase satiety Which of the following statements is false? A. Taste buds are located on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx. B. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the small intestine. C. The gall bladder, teeth, and tongue are considered accessory organs to the digestive system. D. The alimentary canal is a continuous muscular tube, open at both ends B. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the small intestine. (It controls the entrance to the large intestine) True/False: Lipids can be divided into three categories: saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and cholesterol. True True/False: Anabolism combines smaller molecules to make larger molecules True True/False: The oropharynx is the most superior region of the pharynx. False (The nasopharynx is the most superior region) True/False: The pharynx has two types of skeletal muscle: circumferential and oblique. False: no oblique layer True/False: The digestive work of salivary amylase is an example of mechanical digestion. False: chemical digestion Label the following three types of raised bumps on the tongue. Describe the purpose of type C