REAL NRNP 6665 Midterm Exam: Walden University | 100% Correct Q & A

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) - Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) a condition characterized by disturbances in the normal fluency and time pattering of speech which are inappropriate for the individual's age and language skills and persist over a period of time (Saad & Kamel, 2019). DSM-5 Criteria - Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech inappropriate for age and language skills which persists over time, causes anxiety about speaking or limits effective communication, onset is in the early development period, is not attributable to motor or sensory deficit or associated with a neurological problem or another medical condition, cannot be better explained by another mental health disorder and includes one or more of the following: 1. Sound and syllable repetitions 2. Sound prolongation of consonants &/or vowels 3. Broken words 4. Audible or silent blocking 5. Word substitutions to avoid problematic words 6. Words produced with an excess of physical tension 7. Monosyllabic whole word repetitions (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). Onset and Course - Usually starts between ages 2-6 Onset can be insidious or sudden Typically starts gradually with repetition of first consonants or first words in a sentence or phrase Approximately 5% of preschoolers are affected Percentage drops to 1% by the end of junior high and remains at that level throughout lifetime (Saad & Kamel, 2019) Risk factors - Male Familial stuttering Onset of speech dysfluencies more than 6-12 months ago Age at onset older than 3-4 years of age No reduction in severity of stuttering within initial 7-12 months (Saad & Kamel, 2019). Rule out other causes for dysfluencies - Stroke Brain injury Tourette's syndrome Medications (Theophylline, phenothiazine, amitriptyline, neuroleptic drugs, etc) Meningitis