BIOL 141 Exam #2 Study Guide Questions And Answers A+ Review

BIOL 141 Exam #2 Study Guide Questions And Answers A+ Review Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic - Correct Answer->Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA. Significance of surface area to volume ratio and square-cube law for determining cell size - Correct Answer->It puts a limit on cell size, having many smaller cells instead of fewer larger cells conserves volume while maximizing surface area. Different organelles of plant and animal cells and their basic function - Correct Answer->- Cell Wall: Contains chloroplast - Nucleus: Stores DNA as chromatin - Ribosomes: synthesize proteins - Vesicles: Packages enclosed by phospholipids - Endoplasmic Reticulum: 1.) Smooth ER.: Chemical factory synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbs, detoxifies drugs and poisons, stores calcium ions. 2.) Rough ER: Vesicle factor, covered in ribosomes that secrete GLYCOPROTEINS., distributes TRANSPORT VESICLES, membrane factory of the cell - Golgi Apparatus: cell's shipping center, modifies ER products, manufactures some macromolecules, SORTS AND PACKAGES MATERIALS INTO TRANSPORT VESICLES - Lysosomes: cell's digestive system, AUTOPHAGY occurs when a lysosome digests old organelles or other cellular components, fuses with vacuoles and digests their contents - Vacuoles: storage and osmoregulation, food vacuoles (formed by phagocytosis), Contractile Vacuoles (Pump excess water out of cells), Central Vacuoles (Hold organic compounds and water) -Mitochondria: generate energy, inner membrane folded into CRISTAE, creates two compartments (INTERMEMBRANE SPACE and MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX