Stage 1 Chemistry Organic Chemistry L Notes
Topic One: Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
- Made of hydrogen and carbon
- Carbon must have a total of 4 covalent bonds.
- Hydrogen can only form 1 covalent bond.
- Carbon atoms can covalently bond to other carbon atoms.
There are three ‘families’ (homologous series).
- Must obey a general formula.
Alkanes
- Name always ends in -ane.
- General formula is CnH2n +2 (where n = number of carbon atoms)
No. of C atoms Prefix Molecular Formula
1 Meth CH4
2 Eth C2H6
3 Prop C3H8
4 But C4H10
5 Pent C5H12
6 Hex C6H14
7 Hept C7H16
8 Oct C8H18
- If there is a different structure, the name is different
- If the molecular formula is the same but the structural formulas are different, the name is different. They
are referred to as isomers.
- The name will reflect the structure
Topic One: Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
- Made of hydrogen and carbon
- Carbon must have a total of 4 covalent bonds.
- Hydrogen can only form 1 covalent bond.
- Carbon atoms can covalently bond to other carbon atoms.
There are three ‘families’ (homologous series).
- Must obey a general formula.
Alkanes
- Name always ends in -ane.
- General formula is CnH2n +2 (where n = number of carbon atoms)
No. of C atoms Prefix Molecular Formula
1 Meth CH4
2 Eth C2H6
3 Prop C3H8
4 But C4H10
5 Pent C5H12
6 Hex C6H14
7 Hept C7H16
8 Oct C8H18
- If there is a different structure, the name is different
- If the molecular formula is the same but the structural formulas are different, the name is different. They
are referred to as isomers.
- The name will reflect the structure
