MTTC integrated Sciences 094 physical sciences(graded +)

Plasma - ANSWER ionized gas that has some electrons that are described as free because they are not bound to an atom or molecule specific gravity - ANSWER measurement of the density of substances in a liquid compared to water atomic theory - ANSWER a theory that states that all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms. John Dalton - ANSWER developed modern atomic theory negative ion - ANSWER anion, gains electrons positive ion - ANSWER cation; loses electrons ionic bond - ANSWER Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another Ionization - ANSWER neutral molecules gain or lose electrons valence electrons - ANSWER Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom covalent bond - ANSWER A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule hydrogen bond - ANSWER weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom Van der Waals interactions - ANSWER Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges. 2 most abundant elements in the universe - ANSWER hydrogen and helium isotope - ANSWER An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element. combustion reaction - ANSWER the oxidation reaction of an organic compound, in which heat is released; exothermic power - ANSWER the rate at which work is done work - ANSWER quantity of energy transferred by a force when it is applied to a body and causes that body to move in the direction of the force atomic radius - ANSWER average distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron Proton - ANSWER determines the atomic number; protons minus electrons indicates the charge Neutrons - ANSWER uncharged particles in the nucleus atomic mass - ANSWER Number of protons and neutrons atomic weight - ANSWER ratio of the average mass per atom of a sample Democritus - ANSWER Greek philosopher that said all matter is made of tiny particles called "atomos" or atoms JJ Thomson - ANSWER Plum pudding model Ernest Rutherford - ANSWER 1909-solar system model of the atom, gold foil experiment- fired negative ions at thin sheet of gold foil, discovered the atomic nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom . Niels Bohr - ANSWER orbit model Louis de Broglie and erwin schrodigner - ANSWER electron cloud model Radioisotopes - ANSWER Isotopes that have unstable nuclei due to excess energy or undergo radioactive decay. radioactive decay - ANSWER A spontaneous process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation radioactive half-life - ANSWER the time it takes for half of the radioactive isotopes in a sample to decay to a new form radiation - ANSWER Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particle and transfered to another body gamma rays - ANSWER high-energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from an excited state to a ground energy state gamma wave radiation - ANSWER fast moving radiation that can cause cancer or genetic information damage by crashing into cells Electronegativity - ANSWER A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons dipole - ANSWER a molecule that has two poles, or regions, with opposite charges polar covalent bond - ANSWER A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally Pauling scale - ANSWER the unit used to measure electronegativity oxidation number - A