NMTCB Board Prep Questions and Answers

NMTCB Board Prep Questions and Answers Nuclides with the same atomic number ( the same number of protons) but a different number of neutrons are called: - Answer ️️ -isotopes Two nuclides with the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers are called: - Answer ️️ - isobars A nuclide that emits particulate or photon energy to achieve a more stable state: - Answer ️️ - radionuclide Another name for a helium ion containing two protons and two neutrons: - Answer ️️ -alpha particle What is a beta particle? - Answer ️️ -an electron Why are alpha and beta particles not used for imaging? - Answer ️️ -They do not efficiently exit the body, so they can not/ are hard to detect What ratio of protons and neutrons favors beta decay? - Answer ️️ -A low proton-to-neutron ratio, as compared with stable nuclei What is the relationship between the mean energy and the maximum energy of a beta spectrum? - Answer ️️ -The mean energy is about one-third of the max energy What ratio of protons and neutrons favors positron decay? - Answer ️️ -A high proton-to- neutron ratio What two particles are emitted from the nucleus during beta decay? - Answer ️️ -A beta particle and an antineutrino Two nuclides with the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers are called: - Answer ️️ -Isotones What particles are released from the nucleus during positron decay? - Answer ️️ -A positron and a neutrino What is the minimum amount of nuclear energy needed required for positron decay? - Answer ️️ -1.02 MeV What is the fate of a positron? - Answer ️️ -To travel a short distance, combine with an electron, and be annihilated When a positron is annihilated via combination with an electron, the result is the production of __________. - Answer ️️ -two nearly opposed 511-keV photons What ratio of protons and neutrons favors electron capture decay? - Answer ️️ -A high proton- to-neutron ratio What particle is released from the nucleus during electron capture decay? - Answer ️️ -A neutrino What is released from the nucleus during isometric transition? - Answer ️️ -Gamma rays Other than wavelength, frequency, and energy intensity, the fundamental difference between x- rays and gamma rays is _______. - Answer ️️ -X-rays are produced from energy released due to changes in the quantum levels/values of orbital electrons of an atom, while gamma rays are produced from energy shifts within the nucleus When energy from a nuclear transition results in the emission of an orbital electron rather than a gamma ray, this processes is called: - Answer ️️ -internal conversion Internal conversion electrons increase the radiation dose to the patient because ____________. - Answer ️️ -energy from the electron is absorbed into the patients body When energy from an orbital transition results in the emission of an orbital electron rather than an x-ray, the electron is called ___________. - Answer ️️ -an Auger electron What dose the term metastable mean? - Answer ️️ -When an isomeric state is long lived After an electron is ejected from an inner shell orbital, what occurs? - Answer ️️ -Outer shell electrons release energy by moving to now unoccupied, less energetic inner orbitals; the energy released by this transition is termed "characteristic of x-ray radiation" What are the two methods used to create synthetically radioactive materials? - Answer ️️ - Radioactive materials are produced by bombarding a target material with either ions or with neutrons What is used to bombard elements with neutrons? - Answer ️️ -nuclear reactor What is used to bombard elements with protons? - Answer ️️ -accelerator (linear or cyclotron) What are five cyclotron produced radionuclides? - Answer ️️ -In-111, I-123, Ga-67, F-18, and Tl-201 What is a carrier-free radioisotope? - Answer ️️ -A radioisotope that does not contain any nonradioactive spec